EARTHQUAKE OF CENTRAL JAPAN, 1891. 333 



The ubove-meiitiotied line takes the direction of NNW. 

 At Tsuchidu, ground w;is depressed for u mile's length along 

 tlie embankment of tlie K-ani river, a small affluent of the 

 Kiso-gawa. Mount Daitenjin, lying to the soutli-west of Tsuchida, 

 on the s(3uth side of the Kis(j-ga\va, was sharply cut by the 

 line of dislocation, and the east side of this hornstone-slate mass 

 slipped a little downwards. The vertically dislodged line is visible 

 on the steep precipice of rugged hills, at the foot of which the Kiso- 

 gawa foams over its rocky bed. The line crosses the bed of the river 

 at the east end of Katsu-yama, on the Nakasendô, and completely 

 reduced the village to a heap of rubbish. We hnd here terraced 

 ground fov raising wheat and barley on the hill slope, and a piece of 

 this ground about 2.000 square metres (2 clw). lying within the 

 precincts of the Ijuddhist monastery of Ktdviizenji, w^as so thoroughly 

 turned over ^ivoxn the very bottom that all the original marks were 

 entirely effaced from the dry field (liata), and there remained but 

 clods of eirth and upturned roots. xllthousfh nothing of the under- 

 ground solid crust was to be seen on the surface, still it is almost 

 certain that the (jrigin of the disturbance did not lie within the 

 superficial covering of the soil, but must be sought for in the deeper 

 portion of the crust. It appears as if the loose soil had been jerked 

 off from the hard under-ground by an intense shock from below. 



The main line of disturljance now points N. 10° W.; it then 

 goes through s[)urs of hills and paddy-fields, causing damage to 

 the villages, Osugi, llazama, and Nishi-tabara. After making a 

 sinuous curve it crosses the Tsubo-ü'tiwa. passes throuoh the ^■illaf'•es 

 of Kuraclii and (Jvana, crosses the Naofara-^'awa at Shiino-shira- 

 gané, and then taking a north-westerly direction, goes through Sen- 

 biki and Toda, passes over the Mugi-gawa, and proceeds ttjwards 

 Mori and Sebo, till it reiches Ishiwara. In the last-mentioned 



