3,-)(j B. KUTÖ: CAUöE OL' THE (.iKE.VT 



broufflit about, ha« been already stated, uaiJieJv, that it was the enr4 

 half, which was eh'cated through some local circiiiiistances and not the 

 west side depressed. 



In reu'ard t(3 alterations of relative level, none (jf niv observations, 

 however, establish which side it was tluit moxed, or whether Ijoth 

 moved Ijut in a different manner. It mast always be remembered 

 that to ascertain a change of level is a sul)ject of c(jnsiderable dif- 

 iicülty almost incapable of determination, exce[)t where the sea-coast 

 happens to have partici])ated in the principal mo\ement. In the last 

 earthquake we had no opportunity of observing such phenomena, on 

 the sea-coast, either of the Pacific Ocean or of the 'lapan Sea ; prcjbably 

 because of the line of the principal fissure being entirely confined to 

 the interior. Had it been possible to obsei'\e the fissure on the shore, 

 it might even then ha\e been impossible to determine whether an 

 elevation or a depression, even of several metres, had occurred, because 

 there would be usually nothing at that point to mark the mean 

 sea-level. 



As data on which I could rely, in ascertaining the actual instead 

 of the relative change of le\el of the ground, were not at my disposal, 

 it seems to me very natural to su]>[)Ose that it was suljsidence rather 

 than u})hea\al which took place along the line of the shift ; and it is 

 the eastern wing which stands usually at the lower level. Jjut it is 

 another problem to be solved how far this de])ression extends easter- 

 ly ; whether the whole of Eastern Japan pa.rticipated in the down- 

 ward movement, as in the '"sunk country" of JSew ^ladrid." created 

 at the time of the great eai-tli(|uak(' of lNll-12. or the "sag" 

 (Inihrii of the J.ake of r>aik;d, at the mouili of the Senega ri\ei 

 or whether the movement was limited to only a few kilometres to 



* Lyell, Vrinriplux of (leoloni/, 12th edition. Vol. II, p. 108. 



** Perry, Xotf on (he Eaithqual^c oi' 1SG2, cited liy Öuess, in liis Das AntliU der Erde 

 lid. 1, i-. Jl. 



or 



