EARTHQUAKE OF CENTRAL JAPAN, 1801. 55]^ 



the east. So far as my local knowledge extends, there seems to exist 

 only one regular line of shift in the convulsed district, from which 

 Ave may fairly conclude that the subsidence attending it, is not of 

 the kind called '' sag; " and I do not believe that the half of Japan 

 sunk down, but that only the land near the line of fiult became 

 sliglitly depressed. 



Of every large earthquake, we find the accounts full of the 

 mutations which the earth underwent through the Jigency of subtei-- 

 ranean movements ; tor instance, the formation of cracks and fissures, 

 besides permanent upheavals and depressions, accompanied usually 

 by spirting up of the squeezed groundwater and sliding of detached 

 portions of the mountain-sides. Of movements like these, that of the 

 IJllah Bund, in the delta of the Indus, is the most remarkable. 

 The real occurrence of the much talked of rhapsodic movements alx^ng 

 the western shore of South America, is not entirely free from doubt. 

 Immediately after the convulsion of 1819, the inhabitants of Sindree, 

 in the llunn of Cutch, saw at a distance a long elevated mound, where 

 previously there had been a low and [perfectly level plain. To tliis 

 terraced tract they gave the name of ' Ullah Ihind,' or the ' Mound of 

 God,' t(j distiniiuisli it from several artificial dams ])reviouslv thrown 



7 1 ./ 



across the eastern arm of the Indus.* 



This ' Ullah Bund ' seems from its description to have a close 

 resemblance in its outward aspect, to the fault at Midori, in the JSTeo 

 valley. As to the manner in which the ' Mound of God ' wa.s 

 formed, the views of geologists are divided. Lyell saw in this newly 

 created dam a true upheaving of the ground, while Suess considers it 

 in another point of view. Suess** says, ^^ Es handelt sich hier vcder mit 

 Er! I eh un (J con Eand, noclt. trie ich selbst einmal^ irre(jej'il]u-t durcli andere 



* Lyell, loc. cit. p. 100. 

 ** Dag Antlitz der Erde, Bd. 1, p. 02, aud Entstchiniij der Alpen, p. 152. 



