370 CRYPTOGAMIA,. 
Hedwig has done less to elucidate this Order than those 
which we Ga already spoken of ; but shapeless and un- 
organized as some of the Lichens seem to be, his genius, 
aided by indefatigable industry, has explored the ar 
fore latent secrets of their fructification, as will appear 
from the following account of the ig RS 
LIC’/HEN ciliaris, The fringes from the extremities 
destined to take root, and the downy matter on the surface, 
have nothing to do with the real parts of fructification, 
These are to be found in the concave saucers, or convex — 
targets or warts, either on the same or on a different plan ee 
They both arise from a kind of knot on the under surface 
of the plant. The warts change to a brown, and then t 
black colour at the top ; but before they become brown 
perpendicular section through one of them, rs 
single or double cell buried in the tender pulp of the plant, 
and filled with a granulated substance. never the — 
top of this wart or tubercle turns black, the granulated — 
mass has then escaped through it, and only a kind of jelly 
remains in the cells ; which, however, soon vanishes, dna ae 
the whole tubercle becomes black and hard. This process 
1s performed in a short time. sh 
The rising particle, which is destined to form a con — 
‘cave saucer, becomes hollow and green at the top, troup? — 
which, if we make a pecpendiaaied section, we find fibres 
radiating from its centre, and forming a semi-circle, bound- 
ed by a more opake line. As this continues growi 
saucer becomes larger, and more and more open, it 
is at first reddish, gradually becoming darker. At ler 
it becomes a perfect saucer, either sitting, or supported ¢ 
a short foot; its border scolloped or entire, black 
when moist, and greyish when dry. oe" 
rea 3 now we cut the saucer through, and examine 
tical section of it ina little water, we shall find 
ately under the black crust at the top, the seeds 
in seaigh icular columns, Wie very: 
ese seeds r egg-shaped, but ma 
a Tracers groove tmapecnie Novunpr ae 
can therefore doubt that the warts with lack tops 
the male, and the saucers the female flowers, gy, 
: The saucers, in all the species of Lichens, resem! 
above in the mode of flowering, and in the same ¢® 
