$ 
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
81 
Annuals—continued. 
best sown in the spots where they are intended to remain 
during March and April, and care must subsequently be 
taken to keep the ground clear of weeds, and also to thin 
out the seedlings, allowing each sufficient room to develop 
and exhibit its true character. If allowed to remain too 
crowded, the plants, as a matter of course, suffer, and the 
size and number of the flowers and the general effect are 
considerably decreased. Successional sowings of a good 
many of the showy species will be found to prolong their 
flowering season. In well-kept establishments, where 
Annuals are duly appreciated, several sowings are made 
in pots at intervals of a few weeks. As the previously 
sown clumps begin to get shabby, they are removed, and 
replaced by others which have still to bloom. By this 
means a continual sheet of bloom can be maintained for 
a long time. It is much better to trust to plants grown 
in pots in order to carry out the plan just sketched, as 
_ these receive no check when placed in their new quarters ; 
A 
="fföwers, will be the result, 
whilst transplanted clumps frequently fail, and many 
species do not transplant at all readily from an open border. 
In order to secure a fine show in early spring of such 
plants as several of the Silenes, Myosotis, Saponaria, and 
a number of others, it is best to sow the seeds in an open 
sheltered border, about the end of July or beginning of 
August, taking care to keep a small reserve stock in a cold 
frame in case very severe weather kills the unprotected stock. 
Half-hardy Annuals are those for which our climate is not 
sufficiently warm, or rather our summer is not, as a rule, 
either hot enough or long enough, to allow them to grow, 
flower well, and ripen seeds, if sown in the open air. 
Many of these are amongst the showiest of garden plants, 
so it is worth while to give them the shelter of a warm ~ 
frame during their earlier stages and gradually harden 
them off, planting out at the end of May or beginning of 
` June, when danger resulting from severe weather is passed. 
After germination, the seedlings should have plenty of light 
and air, or a weak spindly growth, and, as a consequence, poor 
The most satisfactory method 
of watering very tiny seeds is to place a piece of fine 
muslin over the seed pot, through which the water will be 
easily conveyed to the seeds, and thus prevent disturbance. 
Tender Annuals require the same treatment as the half- 
hardy ones, except that they need throughout their 
existence the protection of the glass structure. All, or 
nearly all, garden Annuals delight in full sunlight and 
plenty of air. In the open, these requirements, as a rule, 
obtain, but sometimes mistakes are made under glass by 
keeping the plants too close and over much shaded, as well 
as too great a distance from the glass. 
ANNULAR. Having a ring-like form. i 
= 
ANNULATE. With the appearance of rings. 
ANGCTOCHILUS (from anoiktos, open, and cheilos, 
a lip; in reference to the spreading apex of the lip). 
ORD. Orchidacee. Terrestrial orchids, the radical leaves 
of which are the chief attraction; they are characterised 
as being amongst the most beautiful and delicate objects 
in the vegetable kingdom. The flowers, which should 
be pinched off so soon as they appear, are, as a rule, 
small and unattractive. All the species belonging to 
this genus are of a dwarf habit, scarcely exceeding 6in. 
in ht, with leaves from 2in. to 6in. long, including the 
fleshy petioles. They require 
in order to grow them satisf torily. —£e-one part of silver 
sand, washed twice or throe, Wee thoroughly, add two of 
sphagnum, which should also be well washed and picked 
plier should be chopped into minute particles, in 
ia that it may freely amalgamave with the sand; mix a 
ao begs and peat with the whole. In the pots, when well 
= y Pits placing a large piece of potsherd, over the 
rgsa and nearly half filling up with pieces broken small 
orm size, place a thin layer of crude sphagnum, 
firmly with the ure 
a good deal of attention — 
Aneectochilus—continued. 
and bringing it up more or less in the form of a cone above 
the rim of the pot, into which the plants should be firmly 
fixed. Plants which have been propagated by division 
should be carefully removed from their old positions, and 
placed in 82-sized pots. About five separate pieces might 
be placed evenly over the surface, making holes with 
a neat dibble, into which the roots should be dropped their 
entire length, pressing the soil firmly and carefully by the 
aid of the dibble. Fix them so that they may grow in- 
wardly, and not out over the rim of the pots, pegging each 
creeping root needing such attention firmly down upon the 
surface of the soil afterwards; after a good soaking, they 
may be replaced in any warm, shady situation. For the 
purpose of propagating, a strong plant is necessary, which 
may be cut into pieces just below the first joint, each piece 
having a root. It is necessary for the bottom piece to have 
two eyes, one to root from, and the other to push into a 
shoot. The “bottom,” or plant which has been cut, should 
be again placed in the pot, whence it was lately taken, and 
then under a bell glass, when it will soon throw up a young 
shoot, which ought to be left on until well rooted; it may 
then be separated from the old plant and treated similarly 
to the portion first removed, still leaving the old part in the 
pot. These plants must be grown in glass cases, or under 
bell glasses, but they should always have a little air, to the 
want of which Mr. Williams, who grows them so success- 
fully, attributes the many failures; for, as he says, when 
too much confined, they grow up spindly, and damp off in 
the stem; the latter, being fleshy, requires more substance 
and sturdiness. The air should be admitted through a 
space of about lin. or 2in. The following ranges of tem- 
perature are advised: Winter, night, 55deg. to 60deg.; 
day, 65deg. to 70deg. during March, April, and May; 
night, from 60deg. to 70deg.; and, afterwards, a few 
degrees higher, with a maximum day temperature of 
80deg. Bottom heat should not be given, as it induces a 
weak, fast growth. Great care will be needed to prevent 
ravages of insects, by which the plants should never be 
allowed to become infested. The most suitable month 
for repotting is March, just before they commence growing, — 
when they will need a good supply of water up to October, — 
excepting when it is desirous to utilise them as drawing- — 
room or other ornaments, in which case they should be 
kept rather dry for a i 
Goodyera 
ra and Physurus. 
A. ar 
ara (silvery-veined).* 1, ground colour light green, 
mottled with a darker kao: veins forming a pasee a enamn 
network. Java. 
A. Bullenii (Bullen’s).* 7. 2}in. long, ground colour bronzy green, 
aa a brood distindt lites of ry red, or golden stripes 
running the entire í t 
A. Dawsonianus (Dawson’s).* l ovate, of a dark velvety, rich 
olive green, traversed by about seven longitudinal ring coloured 
veins ; the space on each side of the midrib being filled with fine 
reticulations of the same colour. Malay Archipelago, 1868, 
A. D. pictus (painted).* A variety with more reticulated veins; 
faves the same district as the type. 1869. 
A. intermedius (intermediate),* l. 2}in. long, and liin. broad, 
with a ar surface, dark olive, striped and veined with gold. 
h. 3in. Will succeed with a glass covering, if in a stove house and 
shaded from the sun. 
A. Lowii (Low’s).* l. 4in: to Sin. long, and 3in. broad, rich dark 
velvety green, shading off to mellow orange brown, lined from 
base to apex with well-defined deep golden veins, and 
lines of the same hue, A. 6in. Borneo. The best of the genus. 
L. virescens(greenish).* Z brighter green, with brighter mark- 
ings over the whole surface. ee ee ae 
A. Ordianus (Ordi’s).* l. shape and habit of A. Do ianus, b 
the colour ìs a vivid green, and lined with golden Veins. Java, 1869. — 
A. querceticola (forest-dwelling). l. 2in. long, light green, with 
blotches of white down the centre. h. 3in. to ĝin. Java, 1861. 
A. Roxburghii (Roxburgh’s).* l 2}in. long, ljin. broad, with a 
_ dark velvety green appearance, the wholoaurizeentriated with well 
defined lines of silver, A. 3in. India. ‘he true species is 
very rare; several are sold as it. na Eoo 
A. Ruckerii (Rucker’s).* l broadly ovate; ground colour bronzy, 
gom; with six rows of distinct spots running from base to apex. 
meo, 196l. © wet 
