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AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF, HORTICULTURE. 
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Apple—continued. ; ese ek Apple Mussel Scale—continued. 
‘FORDSH FOUNDLING, BRABANT BELLEFLEUR, ` CALVILLE i 
E ean OELE, Cox’s Pomona, D. T. FISH, ‘DUCHESS OF aes : ~ i; mere Re E — oman the trees to 
URGH, DUMELOW’S SEEDLING, JOLLY BEGGAR, KESWICK RICKY an ruitful, It is difficult to extirpate. 
 CODLIN, LORD SUFFIELD, MANX’S CODLIN, NEW HAWTHORN- Boft-soap Lather. When the leaves fall, in autumn, 
a NONSUCH, WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING, WARNER’S KING. 
- For Cold and Exposed Situations, the following are thebest : 
—BEss POOL, CLAYGATE PEARMAIN, FRENCH CRAB, GREENUP’S 
PIPPIN, ESWICK CODLIN, NONSUCH, STURMER PIPPIN, 
__ TOWER OF GLAMMIS, WINTER STRAWBERRY, WORMSLEY PIPPIN. 
‘or Cottage Gardens :—ALEXANDER, BEDFORDSHIRE FOUND- 
LING, BLENHEIM PIPPIN, KING OF THE PIPPINS, MANX’s COD- 
LIN, NEW HAWTHORNDEN, REINETTE DU CANADA, RIBSTON A 
PIPPIN, STURMER PIPPIN, WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING, WARNER’S 
KING, WORMSLEY PIPPIN. me 
APPLE BERRY. “Sve Billardiera. . 
APPLE-BLOSSOM WEEVIL (Anthonomus po- 
morum). This is a small beetle of a reddish-brown colour, 
with three inconspicuous stripes of a paler colour behind 
the head; the wing cases show a e pitchy-coloured 
blotch, with oblique striæ and yellowish spots thereon. 
The female busily engages herself in piercing the flower 
buds; while the male may be usually seen flying about the 
trees during the breeding season, which, of course, varies 
accordifig to the earlier or later expansion of the buds. 
_ The female, by means of strong jaws at the end of the long 
proboscis, bores a hole in the bud, in which she lays a 
single egg, finally closing the opening, then passing on 
to other buds. The laying season lasts for two or three 
weeks, or, indeed, as long as the buds remain unexpanded ; 
eggs are never laid in open blossoms. In warm weather, 
the eggs are hatched in six or seven days, usually about 
the end of April, into small, white, legless maggots, which 
feed upon the stamens and pistil; hence, although the 
‘petals are normally coloured, and expand, the flowers 
ultimately wither, and in some seasons very serious con- 
, Seqtiénces have arisen from these sinjurious “little pests. 
The maggot is fleshy, whitish, with a few hairs and a 
black, hard head; in a few days, it turns into a brown 
chrysalis or pupa, which, in turn, is changed into the 
Weevil, only about a month having elapsed from the 
deposition of the egg till the Weevil is developed. It 
feeds upon the foliage during summer, and hybernates in 
crannies of the bark, or under the soil at the base of 
the trees, during winter, waking up in the following spring 
to go through the same performances as its parents. 
Remedies. Some of the methods advised for the ex- 
tirpation of the American Blight will prove very useful for 
the destruction of this pest. Clear away all useless por- 
tions of the bark and rubbish round about the tree during 
‘the winter, and many will be destroyed. Place bandages 
of tarred cloth around the stem in spring; this will 
prevent the females crawling up, as they seldom fly. If 
a white cloth is placed beneath the tree affected when 
in bud, and the tree is severely shaken, a large number 
will be caught, as the Weevil falls to the ground when 
alarmed. Timely thinning of the trees, allowing the free 
admission of light and air, is also a very effectual pre- 
ventive, as it has been proved that the greatest ravages 
are committed where neglect of this has been the rule; 
and that, on the other hand, in proportion to its being 
done, the pest has been lessened in numbers. 
è 
APPLE MUSSEL SCALE (Aspidiotus conchi- j 
formis). This insect attacks the bark of Apple and Pear? 
trees. It is in outward appearance like the half of a 
mussel shell. Under the scale is the insect. It is 
closely allied to the true scale insects, and has similar 
habits. The scales are about din. long, brown, and wider 
at one end than at the other. The female is like a fat, 
green, fleshy maggot, without jointed limbs. The eggs 
of this curious insect are not laid, but simply remain 
in the body of the mother until she dies, thus leaving 
a protecting shield or case from which the hatched 
larve emerge, 
females contai 
g eggs should be destroyed. It differs 
from 
most other species in the absence of the long tail 
. as promptly as possible, and be given to the pigs; or 
[Ri should be turned into the orchard to clear off the 
- Hayband Trap. This is simply a loosely made hayband 
„To get rid of this insect, therefore, the 
the trees should be treated with a stiff sash-tool, and all 
the Seale rubbed off, keeping* the brush just moist, and 
not ‘fubbing the, buds. Applied «for two seasons, this 
should clear the trees. All logose bark should be removed. 
Seal Oil istsometimes recommended as a good remedy ; 
but -oils are rather unsafe applications to the bark of 
p trees, especially of the young branches. 
LE OR CODLIN GRUB (Carpocapsa pomo- 
nana). During the month of May, the well-known Codlin 
Moth (see Fig. 127) lays its eggs in the calyces, usually 
x AO gh nae 
rio. CopLiN MOTH AND GRUB (CARPOCAPSA POMONANA). 
one in each, of the young, quickly-growing apple. The 
moth itself is a small insect; the fore-wings are grey, 
prettily speckled with delicate, darker streaks, and with 
a curved golden mark on the hinder part, inclosing one 
of a reddish-brown colour. The hind wings are usually 
dark, as is also the body. The caterpillar, when 
hatched, is white, with black head and neck, and with 
four rows of black marks along the whole body. The 
colours soon, however, become less decided, taking an 
indistinct brownish or grey hue. After being hatched, the 
caterpillar gnaws its way down the fruit, keeping clear of 
the core, and gradually forces its gallery towards the rind 
of the fruit, which it finally pierces, the opening serving as 
the outlet for the dirt. When nearly full grown, it pierces 
the core and feeds upon the pips, which injury speedily 
causes the fruit to drop. The insect then emerges there- 
from, and finds a suitable helter in a cranny of the bark, 
where it spins a cocoon; and, according to British authori- 
ties, it remains in the larval state for some weeks, finally 
assuming the chrysalis form, and thus passing the winter ; 
the moth emerges the following season. Shortly after 
development, the moths pair, the female depositing eggs 
in the fruit in June or July, according to the season. 
Practically, there is no preventive; but the following 
hints will serve to greatly reduce the numbers. All 
apples that fall ere they are ripe should be picked up 
allen fruit. The following is the only serviceable remedy : 
twisted around the stems of the trees, about 1ft. from — 
the ground. The grubs, in searching for a suitable place 
in which to make a cocoon, will generally choose the bands. 
At the end of the season, all the haybands should be col- 
lected and burnt, and the stems of the trees from which 
they were removed should be cleared of any cocoons which 
may adhere to them.» All loose bark and other rubbish 
should be removed from the tree trunks, and also from 
the ground below. | y 
APPLE OR CODLIN GRUB TRAP. Anex- ë 
ceedingly ingenious and effective method of alluring that 
sa 0 e 
