232 ea 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Cactus—continued. 
growth, they will not suffer if watered ‘twice a week; 
and, on bright afternoons, light syringings may be advan- 
tageously given. 
Propagation.. Three methods are adopted, viz., by cut- 
tings or offsets, grafting, and seeds; the former is the plan 
generally adopted. The cuttings or offsets should be 
removed with a sharp cut, and laid upon a sunny shelf 
- until the wound is healed and roots are emitted, when they 
should be potted in sandy soil, and placed with the others. 
They will thrive freely if kept syringed. Grafting is re- 
sorted to with delicate kinds, which, from some reason or 
another, will not grow freely except-upon the stock of a 
stronger species; and, by this means also, such delicate © 
kinds can be kept from the damp soil, which frequently 
causes incipient decay. ‘The stocks usually employed are 
those of Cereus tortuosus, O. peruvianus, &c., according to 
the species intended for working; they readily unite with 
each other. If the scion and stock are both slender, wedge- 
grafting should be adopted; if both are broad, it is best 
to make horizontal sections, placing them together and 
securing in proper position by tying with matting, but not 
too tightly, or the surface may be injured. Propagation by 
seeds is not often adopted, as it is a very slow method; 
they should be sown in very sandy soil, and placed in a 
semi-shady position until germination commences, when 
they may be exposed, and very carefully watered. 
CACTUS DAHLIA. See Dahlia Juarezii. 
CADUCOUS. Falling off soon; deciduous. 
CH:NOPTERIS. See Asplenium. 
CZ[SALPINIA (in honour of Andreas Cesalpinus, 
a celebrated Italian botanist, 1519—1603). Brasiletto. 
ORD. Leguminose. An ornamental genus of stove ever- 
green trees or shrubs, not much grown, on account of the 
space required and the time the species take to flower. 
Flowers yellow or red, produced in racemes, having a 
top-shaped calyx, divided at the end into five parts, the 
lowest larger than the others; petals five, unequal-stalked, 
upper one shortest; stamens ten. A mixture of loam 
and leaf mould suits them best. Cuttings are somewhat 
difficult to root, but sometimes will succeed if taken off 
from the mother plant in a growing state and planted in 
sand, with a hand glass placed over them, in heat. 
C. alternifolia (alternate-leaved). fl. orange, clustered. 
uate, very elegant, compound. Central America, 1868, 
C. brasiliensis (Brazilian). Brazil Wood. fl. orange; racemes 
rather panicled. J. with seven to nine pairs of pinne, each pinna 
bearing about fifteen or sixteen pairs of oval-oblong, pt eng 
glabrous leaflets. Brazil, 1739. 
l alter- 
1s . Plant unarmed. 
C. Sappan (Sappan). fi. yellow, panicled. l. with ten to twelve 
pairs of pinna, each pinna bearing ten to twelve pairs of unequal- 
naeg o uely sakong a ae oy oer at the 
= dott: Tropical Asia, is tree furnishes th 
Sappan-wood of commerce. 
C. sepiaria (hedge), fl, yellow. April. l compound; pinnæ with 
about ten pairs of Pinnules. A. 60ft. India, 1887, din. Biancea 
OUS _ Lavender-colour, bluish-grey. 
ve. l Growing in tufts. 
BREAD. See Encephalartos Caffra. 
TEA. See Helichrysum nudifolium. 
CAFFER 
CAFTA. See Catha edulis, — 
CAHOUN NUTS. A nam li —— 
Attalea Cohune, which yield a noe ee 
= CAIOPHORA. See Blumenbachia and Loasa. 
CAJAN. See Cajanus. 
CAJANUS (Catjang is the Amboyna name). j 
ORD. Leguminose. A genus of eroct uae P snis 
shrubs, clothed with velvety pubescence.. Flowers yellow, 
distinctly peduncled, corymbosey.racemose; standard some- 
times beautifully veined with red. Leaves pinnately 
e 
UA 
jmmr 
Cajanus—continued. 
trifoliate. 
cuttings will root in sand, with a hand glass placed over 
them, in heat; but plants are usually raised from seeds, 
obtained from the West Indian Islands and India. 
C. indicus (Indian).* Pigeon Pea. fl. yellow, or purple-spotted, 
in axi praim SE uly. k rl trifeliate ; Teaflets 
lanceolate. h. 6ft. to 10ft. India. (B. M, 6440.) 
C. i. bicolor (two-coloured). ji. yellow. July. k. 4ft. India, 
1800. (B. R. 31, 31.) i 
C. i. flavus (yellow). fl. yellow. July. h.4ft. India, 1687. 
CAJUPUT OIL and CAJUPUT-TREE. 
Melaleuca leucadendron minor. 
CAKILE (derived from the Arabic). Sea Rocket. 
Orp. Crucifere. A pretty hardy annual, frequently found 
on sea-shores. It is of easy culture in most sandy soils. 
Propagated by seed, sown in spring. : 
C. maritima (sea). fl. lilac, large, densely corymbose. Summer 
and autumn. fr. a succulent pod, divided, when mature, by a 
horizontal partition into two cells, the upper containing a single 
erect seed, the lower a pendulous one. J. oblong, deeply lobed, 
fleshy, Stem much branched. k. lft. Sea-shores of Europe and 
North America. 
CALABASH NUTMEG. See Monodora Myristica. 
CALABASH, SWEET. Sce Passiflora maliformis. 
CALABASH-TREE. See Crescentia Cujete. 
CALABA-TREE. Sce Calophyllum Calaha. 
CALADENIA (from kalos, beautiful, and aden, a 
gland; in reference to the disk of the labellum being finely 
beset with glands). Orv. Orchidee. A genus of pretty 
greenhouse terrestrial orchids from New Zealand and 
Australia. They should be kept ina cool frame or green- 
house, and carefully watered, when not in a growing state. 
A compost of peat, loam, and sand, in equal parts, suits 
them well. Over thirty species are enumerated, but pro- 
See 
bably none are seen out of botanic gardens. 
CALADIUM (derivation of name doubtful; probably 
of Indian origin). ORD. Aroidew. Stove perennials, chiefly 
grown for the great beauty and varied hue of their leaves. 
Spathe hood-like, rolled round at the base; spadix, upper 
portion entirely covered with stamens, but ultimately 
becoming bare at thd extreme top, provided with blunt 
glands or sterile stamens in the middle, and ovaries 
beneath ; anthers shield-shaped and one-celled; ovaries 
numerous, two-celled, with from two to four ascending 
ovules in each cell. Leaves upon long petioles, more or 
less sagittate, ovate, and usually very richly coloured; 
Fruit a one or two-celled berry, with few seeds. They 
are all of easy culture, and grow freely in a humid 
atmosphere. In March, when the tubers have been kept 
dry or rested for some time, they may be started into 
growth again, in small pots, placed in a stove or pit, 
where a night temperature of from 60deg. to 65deg. is 
maintained, and syringed daily once or twice at least. 
As soon as indications of activity are | d, they 
may be shifted into 4in., 5in., or Gin. pots, or larger ones 
may be used if good sized specimens are required. If 
the tubers should be in large pots, it is best to turn 
them out, dividing if necessary, and placing all the crowns 
in small pots, from which they can be removed when root 
action and growth are resumed, and they require more 
room. Large tubers, if sound, may be divided, and the 
‘pieces placed in pots of such sizes as it is desired to grow 
| them in. 
Soil. Turfy loam, leaf mould, turfy peat, and a little well 
decomposed manure, in equal parts (not broken up too fine), 
with a good sprinkling of sharp sand, form an excellent 
compost, the whole being well incorporated together. 
Thorough drainage must be insured, as these plants require 
an abundance of water. After potting, they should be 
placed in a stove temperature, and kept well moistened 
by syringing two or three times daily. If accommodated 
with mild bottom heat at this time, they will make much — 
f i p 3 
A light rich soil suits these plants well.. Young 
EET 
