i‘ s 
264 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Capparis—continued. 
* 
Fic. 363. FLOWER AND BUD OF CAPPARIS SPINOSA. 
C. spinosa (spiny).* Common Caper. fl. white, tinged with red 
on the outside ; pedicels solitary, AOE yt. by June. l. ovate, 
roundish, deciduous. k. 3ft. South Europe, 1596. This is an 
excellent aay ag shrub, and one which we have found per- 
on. a y in the southern counties of England. See Fig. Bes. 
CAPRIFOLIACEZ. A rather large order of shrubs 
or herbs, often twining. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or 
axillary; corolla superior, regular or irregular. Leaves 
os opposite, exstipulate. Well-known genera are: Linnea, 
Lonicera, Sambucus, and Viburnum. 
CAPRIFOLIUM. See Lonicera. 
(from kapto, to bite; on account of the 
CAPSICUM 
biting heat of the seeds and pericarp). ORD. Solanacee. 
Shrubs or sub-shrubs, rarely herbs. Peduncles extra- 
axillary, one-flowered. Leaves scattered, solitary, or twin, 
- and quite entire. Many of the species, although possess- 
_ ing considerable beauty, are but rarely grown, either for 
_ decoration or for the use of their fruit; consequently, we 
confine our specific enumeration to the Common Capsicum, 
_ the Bird Pepper or Chili, and the Bell Pepper. The 
first two of these have long been in cultivation, for use 
either in a green state for pickles and for making Chili 
vinegar, or ripened and ground as Cayenne Pepper. Some 
sorts are exceedingly ornamental for greenhouse decoration 
in winter, if plants are well grown in rather small pots, 
and the fruit ripened under glass. The varieties producing 
small pods are the hottest, and consequently best suited 
for making Cayenne Pepper. These are generally called 
Fic. 364. FRUIT OF LONG AND ROUND Carsicums. 
Chilies. All other varieties of Capsicum have a more or 
less pungent flavour, and those bearing larger pods are 
more profitable for use in a green state. The fruits of 
_ all are either red or yellow when ripe, and are of various 
~ Sizes and shapes. Some are produced and stand erect on 
_ the upper side of the branches; others hang underneath, 
Capsicum— continued. , i 
Fig. 364 represents hanging fruits of Long and Round 
Capsicums, the shapes of which are: produced by both 
red and yellow varieties. i ; ; 
Cultivation. Being natives of trépical countries, Capsi- 
cums cannot always be depended upon to thoroughly ripen 
in the open air; but a good crop of green fruits may 
generally be obtained by preparing the plants early in the 
season, and planting out in a warm situation. 
Sow the seeds in February or early in March, in pots or 
pans, placing them in heat; and so soon as the plants are 
large enough, pot off singly into 3in. pots, still keeping 
them in heat until well rooted. Place them into 6in. or 7in. 
pots before they become starved ; and gradually harden off 
and plant out about 2ft. asunder, in June. The fruits ripen 
better if the plants are placed against a south wall and 
tacked on to it. The safest plan to obtain a crop of ripe 
fruits is to cultivate under glass. Pots of 7in. diameter are 
large enough. Rich soil must be used, and any spare frames 
are suitable in summer. Plenty of water and frequent 
syringings should be applied, as the plants are very liable 
to injury from red spider and other insects if this is in any 
way neglected. The fruits will keep some time after being 
ripe, but are never. better than when fresh gathered ; they 
may, however, be kept on the plants for a considerable 
period. 
Sorts. Chili, Long Red, Long Yellow, Small Red Cayenne, 
Round Red, and Round Yellow. Good ornamental varieties 
are: Little Gem, a very dwarf variety, of comparatively 
recent introduction, covered with small, erect, red pods; 
and Prince of Wales, free fruiting, with hanging bright 
yellow pods. 
C. annuum (annual). Common Capsicum. fl. white, solitary. 
June. Petioles glabrous. jr. oblong, pendulous, and erect, red 
or yellow, variable in shape. A. lft. to 2ft. South America, 1548, 
Bird Pepper or Chili. h; peduncles twin. 
r a ES Za al email 
well as the petiole, Branches angular, , h. 2ft. to 4ft. 
Tropical America, 1731. Greenhouse shrub. 
C. grossum (large). Bell Pepper. ji. white. July. India, 1759. — 
CAPSULAR. Like a capsule. 
CAPSULE. A dry dehiscent seed vessel or fruit, 
CARAGANA (Caragan is the name of O. arbores- 
cens among the Monguls). Siberian Pea-tree. ORD. 
Leguminose. Very ornamental hardy deciduous trees or 
shrubs. Flowers usually yellow, axillary, either solitary 
or crowded, but always single on thin stalks. Leaves 
abruptly, pinnate, the midrib ending in a bristle or spine; 
leaflets mucronate. They are well adapted for shrub- 
beries, and are of the easiest culture in sandy soil. Pro- 
pagated by cuttings, made{of the roots, or by seeds; the. 
low-growing shrubs by seeds and layers. 
is easily raised from seed, sown when ripe or in spring. 
C. Altagana (Altagana). fl. yellow; pedicels soli _ April to 
Shrub. is 5 A 
C. arborescens (tree-like).* /l. pale or bright yellow ; pedicel 
fascicles. reek May. > with toms to six pairs agavet-oblong 
villous leaflets ; petiole unarmed. ipui spi . . 
to 20ft. Siberia, 1752, Tree. (B.M. ieh ira 
Chamlagu lagu). ellow, ab _ be pon- 
S large m (Chae a aa May. a ing two ral 
f distant, oval, or obovate glabrous leaflets ; stipules spreac ing, 
. and ‘as well as the petioles, spinose. A. 2ft. to 4ft. China, 1775. 
Shrub. ee 
tescens (woody).* Jt. yellow, resupinate ; pedicels solitary. 
nie 1, with eves JE of ianfete: haa, waaa e the top of the 
iy -cuneated; stipules membranous; petiole fur- 
nished with a short spine at the apex. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Siberia, 
1752, Shrub. (S. B. F. G. 3, 227.) There are one or two varieties 
of this species. aa, 
C. jubata (bearded).* f. white, suffused with red, few ; pedicels 
“solitary, very short. April. l. with four or five pairs of oblong- 
lanceolate, lanuginously-ciliated leaflets ; stipules setaceous 5 
petioles somewhat spinose. h. lft. to aft. Siberia, 1796. Shrub. 
syn. Robinia jubata. (L. B. C. 522.) 
generally increased by grafting on C. arborescens, which r 
July. l. with six to eight pairs of glabrous, o roundish, e 
rebate leaflets ; petiole unarmed. Ah. 2ft. to ít. Dahuria, 1789. _ 
"a a 
