INTRODUCTION. 
L SKETCH OF THE ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
1. Vegetable Tissue. 
1. PraAwTS are primarily composed of minute membranous vesicles or cells, 
which are endowed with the power of reproduction, and through which, al- 
though closed and destitute of visible pores or openings, the juices of the plant 
are readily transmitted. 
2. Variously modified, these cells form the Elementary Tissues ; viz. Cellular 
Tissue or Parenchyma, Woody Tissue or Woody Fibre, and Tanlar Tissue « or 
Vessels and Ducts. 
8. Cellular DM which exists in'all plate, tit of which those Á 
by thet kati gadite Vari. ; 
4. Woody Tissue is composed of slender and elongated cells, with firm and 
thickish walls, collected in threads or bundles. 
5. Vascular Tissue is made up of larger cells, either in the form of continuous 
tubes, or forming such by the union of their extremities. In some of these, the 
walls are marked with dots, lines, or bands; while in others they are lined with — 
spirally coiled fibres which are capable of being unrolled. The latter are called 
Spiral Vessels, and exist only in plants which bear proper flowers. 
6. Of these tissues are formed the Organs of plants; viz. Organs of Vegetation, 
consisting of the Root, Stem, and Leaves, and Lent Me aee rur ad 
of the Flower and Fruit. 
2. The Root. 
7. The Root, or Descending Axis, is that part of the plant which grows down- - 
ward, commonly penetrating the soil, from the moisture of which it imbibes - 
nourishment. It branches indefinitely and without order, but bears no ms 
appendages. Its ultimate branches are called Rootlets. 
fe Des edidi aiioa iaa diu te wah pe minm Dee * 
aoe isi Felipe pct n io a e 
