xii INTRODUCTION. 
35. A complete leaf comprises the Blade, the Stalk, and a pair of Stipules ; 
but these three parts are not always present in one leaf. 
36. The Blade, Limb, or Lamina, is the expanded part, and presents a great 
variety of forms. It is simple, when it consists of a single piece, however cut or 
divided ; and compound, when of two or more distinct pieces (leaflets), which 
separate by a joint. 
37. The Stalk, or Petiole, connects the blade with the stem. When it is 
wanting, the leaf is said to be sessile. The stalk of a leaflet is called a Petiolule. 
88. The Stipules are appendages of various forms, placed one on each side at 
the base of the petiole. They are separate, or else united with the petiole, or 
with each other, when they occasionally form a sheath (Ochrea) around the 
stem above. The stipules of a leaflet are called Stipes. 
39. The manner in which the veins are distributed through the leaf is called 
Venation. 
.40. There are two modes of venation ; viz. parallel-veined, or nerved, when 
several simple veins, or ribs, run parallel from the base of the blade to its apex; 
and reticulated, or netted-veined, when the veins divide into numerous primary and 
secondary branches (veinlets), which again unite to form a kind of network. 
41. The latter mode embraces both the pinnately veined, or feather-veined leaf, 
where the petiole is continued through the middle of the blade, giving off at in- 
tervals lateral veins ; and the palmately veined or ribbed leaf, when it divides at 
the apex into three or more strong branches. 
42. The manner in which leaves are divided corresponds with that of their 
venation. ; 
each side of the common petiole. When this is terminated by a leaflet, the leaf 
is said to be odd-pinnate, or unequally pinnate, and when it is wanting, abruptly 
pinnate. 
44. So, also, the palmately veined leaf becomes palmately cleft or divided, 
when the incisions are directed toward the base of the blade. When the divis- 
ions consist of separate leaflets, it becomes palmately compound. 
45. Floral leaves, or those from the axils of which the flowers are developed, 
are called Bracis; and those which are borne on the flower-stalk, Bractlets,- 
; 6. The Flower. 
46. A Flower consists of those parts, or organs, 
production of seed. Like the leaf, of which its 
developed from an axillary or terminal bud. 
47. The manner in which the flowers are arranged on the stem or branches is 
termed the Inflorescence. i cs 
which are concerned in the 
parts are a modification, it is 
48. There are two modes of inflorescence ; viz. the indefinite, or entripeta' 
where the flowers all rise from axillary buds, the lowest or oute 
ing first, while the axis n indefinitely from the & d etas 
