VIOLACEJE, (VIOLET FAMILY.) 83 
l. VIOLA, Tourn Vioret. HEART’S-EASE. 
Sepals nearly equal, produced at the base into a free appendage. Petals un- 
equal, the lower one produced into a sac or spur at the base. Stamens short ; 
the broad filaments membranaceous and prolonged above the anthers ; the two 
anterior ones spurred on the back. Stigma often beaked. — Low herbs. Pe- 
duncles 1-flowered. 
§ 1. Leaves and peduncles arising from a subterranean rhizoma, without apparent 
stems: perennials, flowering in early spring, the later flowers apetalous. 
* Flowers blue or purple. 
1. V. cucullata, Ait. Smooth or pubescent ; leaves long-petioled, all 
undivided, varying from cordate-ovate to reniform, serrate, the sides at the base 
involute when young; the later ones acutish; lateral petals bearded ; stigma 
beakless. — Low ground, common. — Flowers blue, often variegated with white. 
2. V. palmata, L. Downy orhairy, rarely smooth ; earliest leaves entire, 
cordate or reniform; later ones variously 3-9-lobed, the central lobe always 
largest, lanceolate or oblong, the lateral ones spreading; flowers large, with the ` 
lateral and lower petals bearded. — Dry soil, common. — Flowers purple or 
blue. 
. 8. V. villosa, Walt. Downy; leaves prostrate, short-petioled, orbicular or 
broadly cordate, crenate, purple-veined ; peduncles mostly shorter than the 
leaves, flowers small. — Dry sandy or gravelly soil, — to North Carolina. 
— Flowers pale blue. - 
4. V. sagittata, Ait. Smoothish ; leaves eiat Vie acute, toothed 
and somewhat sagittate at the base, the earliest ones rounded, short-petioled ; 
lateral petals bearded. — Damp pastures in the upper districts and northward. — 
Flowers larger than in the last, deep blue. 
5. V. pedata, L. Smoothish ; leaves all 7 —9-parted, the divisions linear- 
lanceolate, entire or toothed, narrowed downward; petals beardless. — Dry 
sandy soil in the middle and upper districts, and northward. — Flowers large, 
deep blue or purple. 
* * Flowers white. ae 
6. V. primuleefolia, L. Smooth or hairy; leaves oblong, mostly acute, 
crenate, cordate or abruptly decurrent on the winged petiole ; petals often acute, 
the lower ones bearded and striped with purple.— Low grounds, common. — 
Rhizoma slender, and commonly bearing long leafy runners. Flowers small. 
7. V. lanceolata, L. Smooth or pubescent; leaves lanceolate or linear, » 
narrowed into the long and winged petioles ; flowers beardless. — Low pe -— 
rens. Florida and northward. — Rhizoma like the last. 
8. V. blanda, Willd. Minutely pubescent; rhizoma slender; leaves small, 
orbicular-cordate, crenate, shorter than the peduncles; flowers small, beardless, 
: sweet-scented, the Mist politi eee ee on E meado 
