94 VIOLACER. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 
* * * Flowers yellow. 
9. V. rotundifolia, Michx. Nearly smooth; leaves broadly cordate, 
longer than the short petioles ; lateral petals bearded. — Mountains of North 
Carolina and northward. — Rhizoma slender, bearing runners. Leaves flat on 
the ground. Petals striped with purple. 
§ 2. Leaves and flowers borne on manifest stems : perennials. 
* Stems leafy throughout. 
10. V. Muhlenbergii, Torr. Primary stems erect, the later ones pros- 
trate; leaves broadly cordate or reniform, crenate and roughened with minute 
elevated points, the uppermost acute; stipules fringed ; spur obtuse, half as long 
as the pale purple petals; lateral petals bearded. — Damp shades in the upper 
distriets and northward. 
Var. multieaulis, Torr. & Gray. Stems all prostrate and creeping ; 
leaves smaller, roundish, obscurely crenate, purple-veined. — Dry rocks and hills 
in the lower districts. March and April. — Stems slender, 4' — 6! long. 
li. V. stricta, Ait. Stems ascending ; leaves cordate, serrate, rough- 
ened as in No. 10, the uppermost often acute; stipules large, fringed; spur 
thick, shorter than the large cream-colored petals; lateral petals bearded, the 
lower striped with purple. — Mountains of Georgia and northward. April.— 
Stems 10/ - 12’ high. Peduncles elongated. 
12. V. Canadensis, L. Tall; leaves large, broadly cordate, acuminate, 
coarsely serrate, longer than the peduncles; stipules nearly entire; spur very 
short; petals white, externally purplish, the lateral ones bearded. — Rich soil 
along the mountains of North Carolina and northward. May - August. — 
Stems 19-29 high. 
(—  * Stems leafy at the summit: stipules entire. 
13. V. hastata, Michx. Smooth or hairy; leaves rhombic-ovate, hastate - 
3-lobed, or the lower ones 3-parted (V. tripartita, Ell), serrate and commonly 
acute; flowers small, yellow ; lateral petals bearded, the lowest striped with 
purple; spur very short. — Shaded hill-sides, Florida and northward. April 
and May. — Stem 6/—12/ high. Stipules small. 
14. V. pubescens, Ait. Downy or woolly ; leaves broadly cordate, 
coarsely serrate, mostly acute ; stipules large ; spur very short ; flowers yellow, 
the lower petals veined with purple, bearded. — Dry rocky soil in the upper dis- 
tricts, and northward. April.— Stems 6/-12! high. Capsules sometimes villous. 
$ 3. Stems leafy : root annual. 
15. V. tricolor, L. var. arvensis, DC. Stems branching ; lowest 
leaves roundish, the upper lanceolate, entire; stipules leafy, pinnatifid ; flowers 
small, yellow and purple. — Cultivated ground. Introduced. — Stem 6' high 
-Sepals not produced d at the base. Petals unequal, the lowest « m^ -gibbous at n 
the base and 2-lobed at the apex, the others smaller. Stamens with the filaments ue z 
