184 COMPOSITZ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
1. F. radiata, Michx. Leaves oblong, the upper ones clasping and toothed 
at the base; fruit mostly downy, ovoid, with a furrow between the parallel and 
contiguous empty cells; flowers white. — River-banks, Florida, and northward. 
February and March. — Stem 6’ - 12/ high. 
ORDER 72. COMPOSITZE. (Composite FawrLx.) 
Flowers clustered in a dense head upon a common receptacle, and sur- 
rounded by an involucre. Calyx united with the ovary ; the limb (pap- 
pus) either obsolete, or forming a cup-like or toothed border, or divided 
into chaffy scales or bristles. Corolla superior, flat or funnel-shaped, 5- 
(rarely 4-) lobed, valvate in the bud. Stamens alternate with the lobes | 
of the corolla, and inserted into its tube : anthers cohering in a cylinder 
(syngenesious). Style single: stigmas 2. Fruit (achenium) dry and seed- 
like. Seed solitary, erect, without albumen.  Radicle inferior. — Herbs 
or shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Involucre composed of short or leafy 
bracts (scales of the involucre), arranged in 1—many series. Receptacle 
naked, or furnished with scales (chaff). Heads with the flowers all tubu- 
lar (discoid), or all strap-shaped, or the marginal ones strap-shaped or 
ligulate (radiate). 
Artificial Synopsis of the Genera. 
SUBORDER I. TUBULIFLORZ. Corolla of the perfect flowers 
tubular, equally 5- (rarely 3—4-) lobed. Ray-flowers, when present, 
ligulate, either pistillate or neutral. ~ . 
$1. Heads discoid. 
* Heads with the flowers all perfect. No. 
Pappus none. Leaves resinous-dotted. Flowers yellow.  .  . . FLAVERIA 5. 
Pappus bristly or hairy. 
Tlowers yellow. ` 
wep pointed. . . . . . GS eee 
Receptacleflat. . . . , .. . , « .No.1&32in SOLIDAGO. 2 
Receptacle convex. MM uu M ts Ue e EI 
Flowers white, blue, or purple. 
Receptacle chaffy. 
Leaves opposite. Flowers white. Rua 
Leaves alternate. Flowers purple. ^ 
Receptacle bristly. 
-~ Leaves spiny & Ce AE E 
ees Leaves not spiny, cordate. . D . 
Receptacle naked, 
Scales of the involucre in a single row. é 
Scales of the involucre in 2 or more rows. 
Pappus double, the outer row very short. 
