186 COMPOSITAE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
Rays white or purple. ; 
Pappusmome. .- - . . . . . . .  LEUCANTHEMUM. 6 
PEDEM. o e e 0 HM 2 D See 
Receptacle pitted. 
Rays white or purple. 
Pappus double. co Qe 4 ee ee eee 
Pappus single. Rays about 5. Achenia silky. .  . .  SERICOCARPUS. ; 
Pappus single. Rays numerous. Pappus bristly. . . ©. .  . ASTER. l6 | 
- Pappus single. Rays numerous. Pappus scaly. " + . BOLTONIA. M 
Rays yellow. f 
Pappus double, of the ray and disk flowers alike. . . . CHRYSOPSIS. 24 
Pappus double, of the ray flowers none. . . . .  HETEROTHECA. 29 
Pappus single. "e 
Leaves opposite. Heads large, single or corymbose. . . . ARNICA. 76 — 
Leaves alternate. Heads racemed or clustered. . .  . SOLIDAGO. 9 -— 
Leaves alternate. Heads panicled. . . . . .  . ISOPAPPUS. 2 — 
Receptacle chaffy. : 
Involucre double, the outer 4leaved, 4-angled. . . . TETRAGONOTHECA. 43 - 
Involuere imbricated or spreading. " > 
Maritime shrubs. Pappus 4-toothed. S781 15. BORBIONISN e 
Herbs. CEN 
Receptacle conical or elongated. 
Rays persistent. Corolla-lobes velvety. . 5 : 5 : ZINNIA. 41 
Rays deciduous. Achenia3-4-angled. . . .  .  HELIOPSIS. 4 
Rays deciduous. Acheniacompressed. . . . . SPILANTHES. 53 — 
Receptacle flat. : i 
Leaves lobed, alternate... Pee DE ^ ACHILLEA. 65 
Leaves not lobed. Pappus Jawad. ooo . Vira 
Leaves not lobed. Pappus none. LOL Le ae eee 
Flowers of the disk sterile. r 
Rays yellow. Pappus none. A eU. I, Toro 1o Le 
Rays yellow. Pappus a toothed crown. . . . CHRYSOGONUM. 31 
Bays yellow. Pappus 2-toothed or awned. canis Sod š x SILPHIUM. 32 
Rays yellow. Pappus 2-toothed or awned. Achenia wingless. —. BERLANDIERA. 83 
Rays white. Receptacle conical. ee ae. 0 PANE 
Rays neutral (without pistils). 
Receptacle naked, or nearly so. 
Achenia villous. ` Pappus scaly, long-awned. s,s GA M 
Achenia smooth or the angles hairy. Pappusawnless. .  .  . LEPTOPODA. (0 
Receptacle deeply pitted. je 
Margins of the pits entire. Perennial . . . . .  . BALDWINIA. 6L i 
Margins of the pits toothed. Annual. . . . . .  AOCTINOSPERMUM. 0 - 
Receptacle chaffy throughout. a 
Involucre double. Pappus 2 -4-awned. boe 
Awns of the pappus hispid upward. . ." .  COREOPSIS. 50 - 
 Awnsofthepappushispid downward. Achenia beakless. ~ > BIDENS: 8b — 
EOM MNn ar the puppis Legi deas Acheniabeaked. . .  . COSMOS. 9b — 
Involucre simple or imbricate. A 
. Pappus a cup-shaped border, or none. 
Chatt of the receptacle elongated, spine-pointed. . . . ECHINACEA. 
|. Chatt of the » . RUDBECKIA- 
