COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 187 
SUBORDER II. LABIATIFLORZE. Corolla of the perfect flowers 
2-lipped ; the outer lip 3-lobed, the inner 2-lobed. = 
o. 
Herb stemless. Scape 1-flowered. Flower nodding. : + . CHAPTALIA. 90 
SUBORDER II. LIGULIFLORÆ. Corolla of all the flowers li- 
gulate. 
Pappus none: Acheniamany-ribbed. , -. . . . . . .  APOGON. 81 
Pappus scaly and bristly. 
Scales of the pappus 5, with 5 intermediate bristles. . . . . «4 KRIGIA. 82 
Scales of the pappus and bristles numerous. .. . . . -  . CYNTHIA. 83 
Pappus hairy. 
Pappus tawny or dirty-white. 
Flowers erect, rose-color. Leaves filiform. . . . .  . LYGODESMIA. 86 
Flowers erect, yellow. Achenia beakless. . í > : M . HIERACIUM. 84 
Flowers erect, yellow. Achenialong-beaked. . . .  .  PYRRHOPAPPUS. 88 
Flowers nodding, whitish or purplish. Wy o UU. mar M. NABALUS. 85 
Pappus clear white (except in one Mulgedium). 
Achenia conspicuously beaked. 
Achenia ribbed. Stemless herbs. * opm uL cM E dE. "iw d inn GI 
Achenia flat. Stems leafy. . $ * . . E . : LACTUCA. 89 
Achenia beakless or nearly so. 
Flowers blue. Achenia slightly beaked. . . .. . ++.  MULGEDIUM. 90 
Flowers yellow. Acheniabenkless . . . . . s « SONCHUS. 91 
Sunorper I. "FUBULIFLOR.E. 
Tre I. VERNONIACEUE. Heads discoid; the lowers all tubular and per- 
Sect: branches of the style terete, filiform, hairy all over ; the stigmatic lines only on 
the lower part. — Herbs, with alternate leaves and purple flowers. PECTIS alone 
has pistillate rays and yellow flowers. 
1. VERNONIA, Schreb. InoN-wEED. 
Heads many-flowered, the flowers all equal and tubular. Involucre shorter 
than the flowers; the scales closely imbricated in several rows. Receptacle 
naked. - Achenia cylindrical, ribbed. Pappus double; the exterior consisting 
of very short scale-like bristles, the interior of copious capillary bristles. — Per- - 
ennial herbs, with alternate leaves, and corymbose purple flowers. ^ ^ 
. V. oligophylla, Michx. Stem nearly naked; leaves rough above, 
ent beneath, denticulate; those at the base large, oval or oblong, the 
Others small, distant, lanceolate; corymb few-flowered, spreading; involucre 
- A © North Carolina, and westward, - July.— Stem 2° high, sparingly = 
