214 COMPOSITZ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
+ + + + + Leaves more or less prominently 3-ribbed. 
36. S. nemoralis, Ait. Plant grayish, minutely pubescent and rough- 
ened; stem mostly simple; leaves obscurely 3-ribbed; the lowest spatulate- 
oblong or lanceolate, serrate ; the upper lanceolate, acute, narrowed toward the 
base, mostly entire; panicle dense, oblong or pyramidal, recurved ; heads 10 — 
12-flowered ; rays 6-7; achenia hairy. — Old fields and open woods, common. 
— Stem 19-2? high. 
37. S. Leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray. Stem simple, minutely pubescent 
and roughish ; leaves very numerous, smooth, linear-lanceolate, entire ; tho low- 
est sparingly serrate; panicle pyramidal; heads rather large ; rays 10-12; 
achenia pubescent. — Damp soil, Florida to South Carolina. Oct. — Stem 2°- 
39 high. Leaves 2'-3! long, 3" — 4" wide, faintly ribbed. 
38. S. Canadensis, L. Stem pubescent and often rough ; leaves lanceo-- 
late, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, rough above, pubescent beneath ; pan- 
icles pyramidal, dense; heads small; rays very short; achenia pubescent. — 
Varies (S. procera, Ell), with a more hairy stem, less serrate leaves, the upper 
entire, and larger heads and rays. — Margins of fields, &c. Florida, and north- 
ward. Oct. — Stem 3? — 8? high. 
39. S. serotina, Ait. Stem smooth, often purple; leaves lanceolate, acu- 
minate, serrate, rough above, pubescent on the veins beneath ; panicle pyramidal, 
of numerous recurved racemes; rays short; mature achenia smooth. — Low 
ground, Florida, and northward. Oct.— Stem stout, 4°-8° high. Heads 
larger than in the last, but smaller than those of the next species, 
40. S. gigantea, Ait. Stem smooth; leaves smooth, lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, sharply serrate, rough on the margins; panicle large, pyramidal, pubes- 
cent; rays small; achenia pubescent. — Margins of fields, &c., Alabama, and 
northward. Sept. and Oct. — Stem 2? - 6° high. 
$3. Curysoma.— Stem shrubby: leaves impressed-punctate, veinless : rays 1-3: 
receptacle conical, naked. 
41. S. pauciflosculosa, Michx. Steni, leaves, and involucre viscid; 
leaves spatulate-lanceolate or linear, obtuse, entire, the lowest scale-like; pani- 
cle 1-sided ; the clusters erect, on naked peduncles ; heads 4 —7-flowered ; scales 
of the involucre obtuse ; achenia pubescent. — Sandy banks and shores, Florida 
- to South Carolina. Oct.— Stem 1°-2° high. Leaves 1/-2! long. Rays 
large. ` ! Bs 
$4. Bornawss. — Herbaceous : leaves narrow, entire, 1 - 5-nerved : heads corym- 
bose: rays more numerous than the disk flowers : receptacle brany? puri 
i (43. s. lanceolata, L. Stem pubescent above, corymbose ; leaves linear- 
lanceolate, roughish on the upper surface, pubescent on the veins beneath, 3- 5- 
nerved ; heads obconieal, mostly sessile, in dense clusters ; rays 15 - 20. — Damp 
