COMPOSITZ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 221 
on short hirsute petioles; the upper ones sessile and commonly entire; heads 
somewhat corymbose, rather large; exterior scales of the involucre ovate, 
acute, short-ciliate ; the interior oblong, obtuse ; achenia broadly obovate, 2- 
toothed. — Var. penratum. Lower leaves on rather long petioles, sometimes 
incisely toothed ; achenia slightly emarginate at the apex. (S. dentatum, Ell.) 
— Dry open woods, Florida to North Carolina. J uly - Sept. — Stem 29—49 
high. Leaves 3! — 5! long. Rays showy. 
6. S. Izevigatum, Ell. Smooth; leaves thick, lanceolate-oblong, acute at 
each end, opposite, coarsely serrate, on short petioles ; the upper nearly sessile ; 
heads small, loosely corymbose; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse, spread- 
ing; achenia oval-obovate, narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly 2-toothed 
at the apex. — Western districts of Georgia and Alabama. July- Sept. — Stem 
29-3? high. Lowest leaves 6/— 8' long. 
7. S. seaberrimum, Ell. Stem rough-hairy; leaves mostly opposite, 
vate, acute, serrate, rigid, very rough on both sides, on short petioles; heads 
_Corymbose; scales of the involucre ovate, ciliate; achenia nearly orbicular, 
broadly winged, deeply notched at the apex. — Western districts of Georgia and 
Alabama. August and Sept. — Stem stout, 39 — 49 high, becoming smoothish. 
Leaves 3'-4'long. Heads larger than in the last. 
leur + + Stems square. 
8. S. perfoliatum, L. Stem and branches smooth or hairy ; leaves large, 
9Pposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, coarsely toothed, rough on both sides, or pubes- 
cent or hairy beneath, their bases, or winged petioles, united ; the uppermost 
commonly entire, simply serrate; corymb trichotomous ; the central heads long- 
Peduncled; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse; achenia broadly obovate, 
““Marginate. (S. connatum, Z. S. integrifolium, Ell.?) — Banks of streams 
the mountains of Georgia, and northward. J uly - Sept. — Stem 49 - 69 
high, Leaves 6/ - 12! long. Heads large. 
33. BERLANDIERA, DC. 
Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers few, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, 
5-toothed, sterile. Scales of the involucre in three rows, the innermost largest, 
‘Membranaceous, adherent to the fertile achenia. Receptacle chaffy; the chaff 
dilated upward, obtuse, hooded, partly embracing the sterile achenia; the inner 
ones gradually narrower. Fertile achenia in a single row, obovate, flattened, 
Wingless, pubescent on the inner face, the apex entire. — Perennial downy or 
herbs, with alternate leaves, solitary or corymbose heads, and yellow 
eke, tomentosa, Torr. & Gray. Stem leafy, hoary-tomentose ; leaves 
"8-ovate, crenate, hoary beneath, closely pubescent above ; the lowest taper- 
into a petiole ; the upper cordate, sessile ; heads at length numerous, corym- 
Carolina, and westward. June-August. — Stem 19 - 39 hi 
(Silphium pumilum, Michr.)—Dry pine barrens, Florida to — 
