230 COMPOSITA. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
7. H. rigidus, Desf. Stem leafy, stout, mostly simple, rough ; leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, slightly serrate or entire, thick and rigid, very rough on both 
sides, narrowed into short connate petioles ; scales of the involucre ovate, acute, 
appressed ; chaff of the receptacle obtuse; rays 20-25. (H. scaberrimus, Ell.) 
— Western districts of Georgia, Elliott, and westward. Sept.— Stem 19-3? 
high. Heads showy. 
* * * Perennial: disk yellow: heads large or middle-sized. 
8. H. leetiflorus, Pers. Stem stout, rough, branching ; leaves oval-lance- 
olate, acuminate, serrate, rigid, very rough on both sides, on short petioles ; the 
uppermost often alternate; heads solitary or corymbose, on naked peduncles ; 
seales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, appressed ; chaff of the, 
receptacle somewhat 3-toothed or entire; rays 12 — 16, elongated. (H. tricuspis, 
Ell., with the leaves all nearly entire ; chaff of the receptacle 3-toothed.) — Dry 
soil, in the Western districts of Georgia, and westward. Sept. — Stem 3°-4° 
high. Leaves 5'-8'long. Rays 1}/ long. 
9. H. occidentalis, Riddell, var. Dowellianus, Torr. & Gray. Nearly 
smooth; stem branched above ; leaves triple-nerved, rather thick, slightly den- 
tate, on margined petioles, and with a short scattered pubescence; the lowest 
ones opposite, large, broadly ovate, subcordate, obtuse; the upper alternate, ob- 
long-ovate; peduncles long and slender; scales of the involucre lanceolate, acu- 
minate, slightly ciliate, shorter than the disk, appressed ; rays 12 - 15. — Macon 
County, North Carolina, Curtis. Aug. and Sept. — Stem 49 —59 high. Lower 
leaves 7/- 8! long, 5/-6/ wide. Rays 1' long. 
10. H. mollis, Lam. Villous or tomentose and somewhat hoary; stem 
mostly simple; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, slightly serrate, cordate and 
clasping; the upper ones often alternate; heads few, on short peduncles ; scales 
of the involucre lanceolate, acute; chaff of the receptacle entire; rays 15-25. 
(H. pubescens, Ell.) — Dry open woods in the upper districts of Georgia, and 
westward. Sept.— Stem 2°-3° high. Leaves 2/—3/ long. Heads thick. 
11. H. giganteus, L. Stem hirsute, rough, branching above; leaves 
lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, nearly sessile, rough above, paler and rough-hairy 
beneath, slightly 3-nerved at the base, all but the lowest ones alternate ; scales of 
the involucre linear-lanceolate, spreading, hirsute ; rays 15 - 20. — Low ground 
in the upper districts, and northward. Sept.— Stem 3°-10° high. Leaves 2-5" 
long. Rays 1! long. l 
12. H. tomentosus, Michx. Stem stout, hirsute, branching ; leaves all 
alternate, or the lowest ones opposite, very rough above, tomentose beneath, 
slightly serrate ; the lowest large (6'—12'), ovate, on short winged petioles ; the 
upper ones oblong ; heads large; scales of the involucre numerous, lanceolate, 
acuminate, villous, spreading; rays 15-20. (H. spathulatus, ÆN., with the 
leaves all opposite, scales of the involucre shorter.) — Open woods, and mat- 
gins of fields, Florida to North Carolina. Sept.—Stem 49-89 high. Rays 
l'-1jlong. - ; às 
13. H. doronicoides, Lam. Stem tall, branched, smooth below, hirsute ——— 
