244 COMPOSITJ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
72. ERECHTHITES, Raf Frreweep. 
Heads many-flowered, discoid ; the marginal flowers pistillate, very slender, 
2-3-toothed ; the others perfect, 4-5-toothed. Scales of the cylindrical involu- 
cre ina single row, linear, acute, bracted. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong, 
striate. Pappus of copious soft hairs. — Erect annual herbs, with alternate 
simple leaves, and corymbose heads of greenish flowers. 
1. E. hieracifolia, Raf. Stem mostly branched, smooth or hairy ; leaves 
lanceolate, sessile, sharply serrate or toothed; the upper somewhat clasping ; 
bracts subulate, minute; pappus white. (Senecio hieracifolius, L.) — Rich soil, 
common. July ~Sept.— Stem 1°-5° high. 
. 78. CACALIA, L. 
Heads 5- many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect, 5-cleft. Scales 
of the involucre 5-30, in a single row. Receptacle flat, naked, or with a tuber- 
cular prominence in the centre. Achenia oblong, smooth. Pappus of numerous 
capillary bristles. — Perennial, mostly smooth and tall herbs, with alternate 
entire or lobed leaves, and corymbose heads of white flowers. 
* Receptacle flat : involucre about 12-leaved, 25 — 30-flowered. 
1. C. suaveolens, L. Smooth; leaves ovate, hastate, acute, toothed- 
serrate, on winged petioles ; the uppermost sessile; bracts filiform.— Low 
ground, West Florida, and northward. Sept. and Oct. — Stem 39 - 5? high. 
* * Receptacle tubercular in the centre: scales of the involucre and flowers 5. 
2. C. reniformis, Muhl. Stem angled; leaves not glaucous, angularly 
toothed, on slender petioles ; the lowest large, reniform, the upper ones roundish ; 
corymb compound. — Damp soil in the mountains of North Carolina and Tet 
nessee. July and Aug.—Stem 4°-9° high. Radical leaves sometimes 2° 
in diameter, the teeth mucronate. 
3. C. atriplicifolia, L. Stem terete, corymbosely branched above; 
leaves glaucous beneath, angularly lobed, the lobes mostly entire, mucronate ; 
the lowest ones reniform ; the upper rhomboid ; corymbs compound. — Woods 
and moist banks, Florida, and northward. — Aug. and Sept. — Stem 49 — 89 high- 
Leaves smaller and thicker than the last. 
4. C. diversifolia, Torr. & Gray. Stem angled; leaves not glaucous, 
petioled ; the lowest broadly cordate or cordate-ovate, obtusely toothed, the uppe? 
3-5obed. — Muddy banks of the Chipola River, Marianna, West Florida. 
May - Aug. — Stem 29 -39 high. 
_ 5. C. ovata, Walt. Stem terete; leaves glaucous beneath, 3-5-nerved, 
ovate or oval, obtuse, entire or wavy-toothed ; the lowest long-petioled ; the 
upper ones sessile ; corymbs open. — Swamps, Georgia, Florida, and 
July and Aug.— Stem 39-49 high. Lowest leaves 5! -8! long. 
6. C. tuberosa, Nutt. Stem furrowed, angled ; leaves not glaucous, ova! : 
or lanceolate-oblong, strongly 5 - 7-nerved, entire or slightly toothed ; the lowest — 
i si 
