432 CONIFERA. (PINE FAMILY.) 
mostly persistent leaves, and moneecious or dicecious amentaceous flowers. 
Calyx and corolla none. Ovules orthotropous. Fruit a cone or drupe, 
Embryo in the axis of the albumen. Cotyledons 2 or more. 
Synopsis. 
SUBORDER I. ABIETINE®. Fertile flowers consisting of numer- 
ous bracted imbricated carpellary scales, bearing two collateral inverted 
ovules at their base, and forming a cone in fruit. Buds scaly. 
1. PINUS. Leaves 2-5 in a cluster, mostly elongated, sheathed at the base. 
2. ABIES. Leaves single, short, destitute of a sheath. 
Susorper Il. CUPRESSINEZ. Fertile flowers consisting of few 
bractless mostly peltate carpellary scales, bearing one or several erect 
ovules at their base, becoming fleshy or indurated, and forming in fruit a 
drupe or cone. Buds naked. 
8. JUNIPERUS. Fruita drupe. Leaves minute, imbricated. : 
4. CUPRESSUS. Fruita globular cone, with peltate scales. Leaves imbricated, persistent. 
5. TAXODIUM. Fruit a globular cone, with peltate scales. Leaves spreading, on slender 
deciduous branchlets. & 
6. THUJA. Fruit an oblong cone, with imbricated oblong scales. Leaves minute, imbri- 
. cated on the flattened branches, persistent. / 
SusonpER III. TAXINEJE. Fertile flower solitary, without à car- 
pellary scale. Fruit a drupe. Buds scaly. 
. T. TAXUS. Drupe surrounded by a fleshy eup. Albumen homogeneous. 
8. TORREYA. Drupenaked. Albumen ruminated. 
1. PINUS, Tourn. Pirner. à 
_ Flowers monecious. Sterile aments spiked or clustered. Stamens numer- 
ous on the axis, with very short filaments: anthers with a scale-like connective, 
2-celled, opening lengthwise. Fertile aments terminal, single or clustered. Car: 
pellary scales in the axils of deciduous bracts, each bearing two collateral in- 
verted ovules at the base, indurated in fruit, and forming a cone; the apex 
commonly thickened, angular, and spiny. Seeds nut-like, lodged in an excav® 
tion at the base of the scale, and furnished with a thin deciduous wing- dd 
in the axis of oily albumen. Cotyledons 3 — 12, linear. — Trees. piod er o 
green, needle-sbaped, 2-5 in a cluster, their bases enclosed in a thin scaric d 
med o D 
M d om * Leaves two in each sheath. ded 
1. P. pungens, Michx. (Tanrx-Movwrzatx PINE.) Leaves Howe d 
sheath, crowded, short and rigid ; cones large, commonly 3—4 in s whorl, spine, 
_ Sessile, the thick scales pointed at the apex, and armed with a very stout SPY 
Which on the u ales fs incurved, on the lower ones recurved. — Mom, 
