434 CONIFERZ. (PINE FAMILY.) 
and mostly damp soil, Florida to North Carolina. — Commonly a lofty tree, 
with very thick and furrowed bark, and valuable, but sparingly resinous wood ; 
but in old fields low, with spreading branches. Leaves 6!— 10! long, rarely 2 or 
4 in a sheath, dark green. Cones 3!- 5' long. 
8. P. australis, Michx. (Lowa-LEAvED or Yetrow Prxz.) Leaves 
very long, from long sheaths, crowded at the summit of the thick and very scaly 
branches; cones large, cylindrical or conical-oblong, the thick scales armed with 
a short recurved spine. (P. palustris, Z., the prior but inappropriate name.) — 
Sandy soil, constituting almost the entire growth of the Pine Barrens. — A lofty 
tree, with thin-scaled bark, and very valuable resinous wood, dividing near the 
summit into few spreading branches. Leaves 10/—15/ long. Leaf-bracts sca- 
rious, fimbriate. Cones 6/— 10/ long. 
* * * Leaves five in each sheath. 
9. P. Strobus, L. (WuxrE Prive.) Leaves slender, from a very short 
and deciduous sheath; cones long, cylindrical, recurved, with the loosely im- 
bricated scales neither thickened nor spiny at the apex. — A tree of moderate 
dimensions on the mountains of Georgia and North Carolina, but northward 
one of the loftiest of trees, and greatly valued for its soft white wood. Leaves 
3'-4'long. Cones 4'—6! long. 
2. ABIES, Tourn. Spruce. Fir. 
Chiefly as in Pinus, but the aments mostly solitary ; anthers opening length- 
wise or transversely ; scales of the cone not thickened at the apex, nor spiny ; 
wings of the seed persistent. — Leaves single, short. 
* Cones lateral, erect ; with the scales deciduous at maturity: anther-cells opening 
i transversely. 
1. A. Fraseri, Pursh. (Sirver or Barsaw Frr.) Leaves somewhat 
distichous, linear, flattened, obtuse or emarginate, whitened beneath, the lower 
ones somewhat recurved, the uppermost erect ; cone oblong-ovate; bracts long, 
oblong-wedge-shaped, short-pointed, reflexed at the summit. — High mountains 
of North Carolina, and northward. — A small tree. Leaves 6//-8" long. Cones 
1'- 2! long. : 
* * Cones terminal, pendulous, with the scales persistent : anther-cells opening 
lengthwise. 
2. A. Canadensis, Michx. (Hxwrock-Senvcr.) Leaves distichous 
flat, linear, obtuse, dark green above, whitened beneath; cones small, oval or 
oblong, with the few scales smooth and entire, — High mountains of North Car- 
olina, and northward. — A large tree with the horizontal branches gradually 
diminishing upward, forming a pyramidal spray. Leaves j'long. Cones 57 - 
oE SerUCE.) Leaves scattered on all sides of | 
green; cone ovate or ovate i 
