ee 
148 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Piper— continued. 
Bin. long; petioles lin. to 2in. long, winged by the adnate stipules 
at t bases. New Zealand. A very aromatic, greenhouse 
bush or small tree. 
P. Futokadsura (Futokadsura).* jl. greenish, succeeded by 
bright red fruit. l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, about 
3in. broad, glabrous. Branches slender. Japan, 1869. A 
remarkable, nearly hardy, deciduous shrub, very like P. nigrum. 
green ft bind ain, * ein 
long. fr. first then red, afterwa: ack. -Z 4in, in. 
* —— distichous, broadly ovate, acuminate; petioles 
rounded, }in. to nearly lin, long 
P., nigrum. Black, or Common Pepper. 
. Stem trailing or climbing, 
flexuous. East Indies, 1790. The fruit of this species forms the 
White Pepper is the same fruit, but de- 
(B. M. 3139; B. M. Pl, 245, 
well-known condiment. 
prived of its external coat, 
P. porphyrophyitum @ 
shortly cuspidate, 4in. to 6i 
F bea 
urple. Malay Peninsula m, Stove climber. See Fig. 189, 
? G d. 8. 1491; R. H. 1i 560.) SYN. Cissus porphyrophyllus, 
of gardens. f 
P, rubronodosum (red-noded). Ld sap-green, when young 
frosted over with mt adon mags petioles pubescent. "Stems Bosh, 
red at the nodes. Columbia, 1877. A distinct, stove 
PIPERACEÆ. A natural order of herbs, shrubs, 
or very rarely trees, often aromatic or stimulant, broadly 
dispersed over the globe. Flowers hermaphrodite or 
unisexual, small, often minute, variously disposed, scat- 
tered or dense, in spikes or rarely racemes, and fur- 
nished with a frequently peltate bract; perianth (except 
in one genus) absent; stamens two to six, or very rarely 
seven or eight (or one?), hypogynous; filaments free, or 
rarely adnate to the base of the ovary. Fruit small, 
capsular. or baccate. Leaves alternate, or rarely oppo- 
site or three or four in a whorl, entire or very rarely 
trifid, three or many-nerved, or penniveined, sometimes 
pellucid-dotted or succulent; stipules, when present, 
adnate to the petioles, or dilated at base and reduced 
to an amplexicaul petiole, or connate and opposite the 
leaves. Among the most important economical products 
of Piperacew are Pepper and Betel. An acrid resin and 
a volatile, aromatic oil are possessed by the plants. The 
order comprises about eight genera and nearly 1000 
species. Illustrative genera are: Houttwynia, Peperomia, 
and Piper. — 
‘PIPERELLA. A synonym of Micromeria (which 
see). 
PIPE-TREE. See Syringa vulgaris. 
PIPEWORT. See Eriocaulon. 
PIPPERIDGE, or PIPRAGE. A common name 
for Berberis vulgaris. 
PIPTADENIA (from pipto, to fall, and aden, a 
gland; referring to the falling gland of the anthers). 
JRD. Leguminose. A genus comprising about thirty 
species of unarmed or prickly, stove shrubs or trees, 
two of which are natives of tropical Africa, and the 
rest inhabit the warmer regions of America. Flowers 
white or greenish, small, uniform, hermaphrodite or sub- 
polygamous, sessile or pedicellate, disposed in cylin- 
drical spikes or globose heads; peduncles axillary, soli- 
tary or fasciculate, the uppermost ones at the tips of 
the branches, often paniculate. Pods stipitate or rarely 
sessile, broadly linear, flat, membranous or coriaceous. 
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets small and many-jugate, or 
_ rarely large and few-jugate. For culture of the species 
E ines oe aie? 
3 atifolia (broad-leave spicate ; spi 
eaves, axillary or ae care hg ——— 
Jome, — often slightly glaucescent beneath : 
he ate. Brazil, 
fer jugate, obovate-elliptic, slightly 
_ PIPTANTHUS (from pipto, to fall, and anthos, a 
flower; the teeth of the calyx, as well as the petals 
and stamens, very soon fall off). ORD. Leguminose. A 
ie genus, the species being a very handsome, 
early hardy, evergreen shrub. It thrives best 
Piptanthus —continued. 
in a rich sandy loam, and in exposed parts should have 
the protection of a wall. Propagated by seeds; by 
cuttings of the ripened shoots, inserted under a hand 
light; and by layers. 
P, nepalensis (Nepaulese).* Evergreen Laburnum. fl. yellow, 
large, in terminal, bracteate racemes; standard orbicular, 
slightly exceeding the wings, the sides reflexed ; wings oblong- 3 
obovate; keel as long as, or longer than, the wings, scarcely i. 
incurved; petals connate at the base. Spring. l. alternate, i 
petiolate, digitately trifoliolate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, 
eee hairy ; stipules united in one, opposite the leaves. 
h. 10ft. Temperate Himalaya, 1821, (S. B. F. G. 264; H. E. F 
131, under name of Baptisia nepalensis.) 
PIPTOCLAINA. Included under Heliotropium. 
PIPTOSPATHA (from pipto, to fall, and spathe, a 
spathe; after fertilisation, the top of the spathe falls off like 
an extinguisher). ORD. Aroidew (Aracew). A monotypic 
genus. The species is a stove, herbaceous, tufted, stem- 
less perennial, of little other than botanical interest. It : 
thrives best in a well-drained compost of rich, sandy a 
loam, fibry peat, and leaf mould. A very moist atmo- 
sphere is essential. Propagated by divisions, or by seeds. 
remarkable’ white, tinted with pink, 14in. long, 
: k —— as n a aa 
ioles, slender, decurved at 
l. numerous, nearly 6in. lo 
ceous, cartilaginously margined, slightly dotted beneath ; petioles 
much shorter than t ves, sh i 3 . 
(B. M. 6598 ; G. C. n. — eye aoe — = 
PIQUERIA (named after A. Piqueria, a Spanish 
botanist, who published a translation of Hippocrates in 
1757). Including Phalacrea. Orv. Composite. A genus 
comprising about half-a-score species of e or 
hardy shrubs, or rarely erect annual or perennial 
natives of mostly Western South America, from Bolivia 
to Mexico. Flower-heads white or bluish, small, homo- 
gamous, often densely cymose, the cymes corymbose or 
loosely paniculate; involucre campanulate; receptacle 
flat or convex, naked. Leaves opposite, toothed or entire. 
The only species known to cultivation are the two de- 
scribed below. Both are hardy, and of easy culture in 
ordinary garden soil. P. latifolia may be increased by 
` seeds, and P. trinervia by division. 
P. latifolia (broad-leaved). /l.-heads purplish, pedicellate ; 
— almost naked, aiH at apex. July. 1. petiolate 
roadly ovate, truncate at base. h. lift. Peru, 1800, Annual. 
(R. G. 107.) Syns. Ageratum latifolium, Phalacræa cælestina. 
P. trinervia (three-nerved). /l.-heads white, disposed in loose, 
corymbose, many-headed panicles. July. ł ovate or oblong- 
lanceolate, sub-serrate, trinerved. A. 2ft. Mexico, 1! 
Glabrous perennial herb. (B. M. 2650.) 
PIRIGARA. A synonym of Gustavia (which see)- 
PIRIQUETA. Included under Turnera (which see). 
PIRONNEAUVA. Included under Æchmea. 
PISAURA. A synonym of Lopezia (which see). 
PISCIDIA (from piscis, a fish, and cedo, to kill or 
destroy; the leaves, bark, and twigs, are i a 
thrown into ponds or rivulets, for. the purpose of ir 
toxicating fish, by which means they are easily taken 
Fish Poison-tree ; Jamaica Dogwood. ORD. Leguminosae. 
A monotypic genus, the species being a stove, evergreen 
tree, having the flowers, foliage, and habit, of Loncho- 
carpus, but the pod bears four projecting, longitudinal 
wings. The species requires a compost of sandy, fibry 
loam. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots will root in sand, 
under a glass, in heat. 
P. erythrina (red). fi. white and mixed with blood-colour, 
above żin. long, appearing before the leaves ; calyx teeth broad] ; 
triangular; standard silky-hoary outside, the claw almost equal- _ 
ling the calyx; panicles lateral, sometimes ovate and dense- 
flowered, scarcely Jin. long, sometimes elongate-thyrsc 6in. to 
l2in. long. May. J. alternate, pinnate, exsti 
seven to eleven, oval, obovate, or broad: 
shortly acuminate, at length coriaceous, 
stalks jin. long. A. 30ft. est Indies, 1690. 
PISIFORM. Resembling a Pea in shape. 
