a Sa AN 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
+ NMG ee 
155 
PLANERA (named in honour of I. J. Planer, a Ger- 
man botanist, who published a Flora of Erfurt, in 1788). 
ORD. Urticacee. A monotypic genus. The species is a 
hardy, deciduous, unarmed tree, probably not now in. 
cultivation in Britain. 
Ulmus (which see). 
P. aquatica (aquatic). Planer-tree. /. brown, clustered; perianth 
four or five-fid. March and April. fr. nut-like, oblique, ovate, 
compressed, wingless. J. lin, to l}in. long, alternate, distichous, 
ahon, stalked, serrated, ovate, acute, roughish, ab sell 
ipules free, caducous. h. 20ft. to 30ft. Southern United States 
1 6. SYN. P. Gmelini. 
P. Gmelini(Gmelin’s). A synonym of P. aquatica. 
PLANER-TREE. See Planera aquatica. 
PLANE-TREE. See Platanus. 
PLANE-TREE, SCOTCH. A general name in 
Scotland for Acer Pseudo-platanus. 
+: PLANTAGINEZ. A natural order of herbs, some- 
times annual or perennial, almost stemless or stolon- 
bearing, sometimes shortly caulescent, branched or suf- 
+ fruticose, glabrous, simply pilose, or woolly in the axils; 
they are natives of the temperate regions of both hemi- 
spheres, especially in Europe and North America, and 
are but rarely met with in the tropics. Flowers regular, 
hermaphrodite or monecious, small, in elongated or 
shortened spikes, or rarely solitary and sessile in the 
axils of the often scarious bracts; calyx four-parted, 
with closely-imbricated segments, persistent in the fruit; 
corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, scarious, marcescent, 
with an ovoid or cylindrical tube, and four speading, im- 
bricated lobes, sometimes wanting in the female flowers ; 
stamens four, or fewer. Fruit a one or more celled, one or 
more seeded, membranous capsule, stipitate or included. 
Leaves radical, or in the caulescent species alternate, 
rarely opposite, one to many-nerved, entire, toothed, or 
pinnatifid, sometimes sheathed; petioles usually dilated 
at the base, and accompanied by a woolly membrane. 
Several species of Plantago are employed in medicine. 
‘The order comprises only three genera—Bougueria, Litto- 
rella, and Plantago—and perhaps about 200 species. 
PLANTAGO (the old Latin name of the genus, used 
by Pliny). Plantain. Orp. Plantaginee. This genus com- 
prises all the species of the order (which see for characters) 
save two. ‘They are of very little importance from a 
garden standpoint. P. Coronopus, P. lanceolata, P. major, 
P: maritima, and P. media, are British plants. P. brasil- 
iensis is sometimes seen in botanic gardens. All thrive 
in ordinary soil, and may be readily raised from seed; 
the perennial species may also be propagated by division. 
P. brasiliensis 
cylindrical aat AS R Sn, long: seape axillary, solitary, —— 
twice as long as the leaves, clothed with white, ressed hairs. 
Summer. 1, linear-lanceolate, smooth, eaters, entire, with 
the margins somewhat thickened, much narrowed towards the 
—— se A Bele) the stem, which they embrace. h. lft. 
PLANTAIN. See Plantago. The name is also 
applied to other plants. _ 
PLANTAIN LILY. A common name for Funkia. 
. PLANTAIN-TREE. See Musa. 
PLANTAIN-TREE, MAURITIUS. See Musa 
rosacea. ; $ 
Plant - boxes 
e trees or shrubs that cannot be pro- 
vided with pots of sufficient size to contain the roots. 
They are usually made of wood, but sometimes of slate, 
and the sides may be constructed so as to be movable, 
for allowing the roots and drainage to be examined, 
It requires culture similar to 
should it become necessary. Boxes made of slate have 
the advantage of great durability, and they are readily 
kept clean. Special provision should be made to in- 
sure drainage, and Boxes containing trees of large dimen- 
sions should, for this reason, be stood on something to 
keep them a little above the ground level. Plant or 
Catting-boxes, about ——— fr raising matings a 
` not be included, unless the Cases are utilised for special 
Cause of the disease Lith as “Clubroot,” sometimes — 
| spores, each inclosed in a cell-wall. 
| same development as before. Almost all the Myxomycetes 
| find their food in the rotting mass. Towarilà tho ond 
Plant-boxes and Cases—continued. 
growing-on tender bedding plants, are extremely useful; 
they answer well if the wood is merely planed over 
before being made up. 
Boxes for window plants should be about 6in. deep: a 
less depth does not afford room for sufficient soil to 
sustain the plants for a season. 
Plant-cases used outside windows, and also in rooms, 
require their occupants renewed occasionally, but not 
very frequently, if flowering plants are excluded. Many 
of the hardier species of Palms, greenhouse Ferns, 
Selaginellas, &c., are admirably adapted for the decora- 
tion of Plant-cases; tender or delicate subjects should 
purposes inside a glass structure. 
An inclosed portion of a propagating-house, wherein 
cuttings of larger than ordinary size are inserted, is 
also termed a Plant or Propagating-case. 
PLANTIA. Included under Hewaglottis. 
PLANTING. See Transplanting. 
PLANT LICE. See Aphides.~ 
PLANT MITES. See Mites. 
PLANT-PROTECTORS. These are very nume- 
rous, as the term is applicable to anything which acts, 
if only temporarily, to preserve plants from injury. 
Bell glasses, handlights, small movable frames, and 
even panes of glass, amongst many other things, may be 
termed appliances for plant-protection, when they are 
used as such to ward off heavy rains or severe frost. 
Full information will be found under Bass or Bast 
(This is the 
called also “ Finger-and-Toe,” in Turnips, Cabbages, 
Charlock, and other species of the genus Brussica, and 
also in Raphanus Raphanistrum, or Wild Mustard. It 
is a Fungus of very simple structure, and belongs to the 
carious group called Myzomycetes, the species in which, 
while vegetating, consist of minute, naked masses of 
protoplasm, endowed with a power of movement, by 
changing their forms, like the low microscopic animals 
called Amebe. These small, naked masses tend to unite 
when they meet, and thus they increase in size, and ` 
form what are called plasmodia. In some of the species, 
the plasmodia may reach a size of 2in. or more in 
and resemble a mass of clear or muddy-looking jelly. 
After a time, the plasmodia become covered with a firm 
coat, and break up into myriads of small, round cells, or 
These spores may 
remain for a time unchanged; but, under favourable 
circumstances, they burst, throw off the cell-wall, and 
appear as very minute plasmodia, which go through the 
live on decaying organic matter, but P. Brassice does 
not. Its plasmodia are always minute, and they pene- 
trate into the tissues of its hosts. The roots of a plant 
attacked by “ Finger-and-Toe” vary considerably in ap- 
pearance, according to the stage of the attack. The 
branch-roots very often bear swellings much exceeding 
the proper thickness of these roots. The swellings 
are usually spindle-shaped or roundish; at first, they are 
nearly smooth, but after some time they become rough, 
The main root is also often injured, as shown by its 
enlarged size, and, frequently, by its roughly-fingered 
appearance. In the autumn, and as winter — = 
the diseased portion becomes more and more pulpy and 
decayed, and is also overgrown with other Fungi, — 
