THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 83 



Cutleaved or Evergreen Blackberry. — Very vigorous climbing shrub, canes 3 m long 

 or more, angular and furrowed, puberulous on the growing tips, but soon glabrous, brown, 

 along the angles with scattered stout prickles, prickles hooked, compressed and flat at the 

 brownish base. Petioles about as long as the lower leaflets, brownish, thinly puberulous 

 and rather densely armed with short, stout, hooked prickles ; stipules subulate, hairy. Leaves 

 pedately s-foliolate, petiolules pubescent and prickly, like the midveins; leaflets variously 

 pinnate or pinnately cut, especially the lateral and the terminal ones, the segments ovate 

 or lanceolate, acute at both ends, again deeply lobed, incised or coarsely serrate, the teeth 

 manifestly mucronate; dark green and glabrous above, paler and pubescent underneath, 

 at least on the veins, ciliate along the margins. Flowers numerous, in long, leafy pubescent 

 or villous and prickly panicles, leaves similar to those of the turions, but 3-foliolate and the 

 uppermost simple; calyx grayish tomentose, with numerous small, hooked, pale prickles, 

 lobes with long leafy linear-lanceolate tips, white tomentose inside; petals white or pale 

 rose, obovate, variously lobed, lobes rounded, the middle one shortly mucronate; stamens 

 and pistils numerous. Fruit black, globose, large, of good quality. 



Europe; first described after plants in the Botanic Garden at Berlin; 

 now escaped from ctiltivation and naturalized in the Pacific Coast states 

 from British Columbia to Oregon and perhaps farther south. According 

 to Focke (1. c.) it is a mutation of R. vulgaris Wh. et N., a species common in 

 western Europe ; Focke states that he grew similar forms from seeds of this 

 species. 



Rubus nisticanus. Merc, in Renter Cat. PI. Geneve 2d Ed. 279. 1861; Rogers Brit. 

 Rub. 40. 1900; Focke Spec. Rub. 3:(377) 153. 1914; Bailey Ceui. Herb. 1:197. 1923. 



R. Linkianus auct. Rydberg A^. Am. Fl. 22:461. 1913; Bailey Stand. Cyc. Hort. 

 5:3030. igi6; not R. Linkianus Seriage. 1825. 



Robust and vigorous shrub, canes angular, erect and arching or climbing, sparingly 

 stellately hairy; prickles long, stout, from a verj' broad base, straight or mostly recurving. 

 Leaves s-foliolate; petioles and petiolules stout, pubescent, very prickly, prickles from a 

 very broad base; stipules subulate-lanceolate, ciliate; leaflets firm, almost coriaceous, dark 

 green and glabrous above, densely and softly white tomentose beneath, doubly serrate except 

 near the base, ovate or obovate-cuspidate, the lower ones oblique, the terminal one long- 

 stalked, subcordate, with about 7 lateral veins on each side. Inflorescence a long, leafy 

 panicle, pubescent, and very prickly; prickles broad based, hooked; leaves 3-foliolate, 

 uppermost simple, ovate-deltoid or sub-3-lobate ; axillary peduncles cymose; pedicels 

 felted, very prickly, prickles narrower and straighter. Calyx-lobes white tomentose on 

 both sides, ovate, acute, reflexed. Petals roimdish, pale or deeper rose-colored. Fruit 

 ovoid, black, edible. 



Europe and Africa; widely distributed from the Mediterranean region 

 as far west as northwest Africa, the Canaries, Madeira, and the Azores 

 and northwards through France and western Germany to England and 

 Ireland. A very variable plant and in a broad sense included by Focke 



