THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 



79 



B. Glands very prominent; bract leaves broad, obtuse R. alumnus 



BB. Glands scarcely visible; bract leaves narrow, acuminate, variable in shape 



R. arundelanus 



Rubus frondosus. Bigelow Fl. Bosi. 2nd Ed. igg. 1824; Gray New Man. 7th Ed. 

 489. 1911; Rydberg A'. Am. Fl. 22:466. 1913; Focke Spec. Rub. 3:(3i8) 94. 1914; 

 Bailey Stand. Cyc. Hort. 5:3031. 1916; Bailey Gent. Herb. 1:188. 1923. 



R. villosiis var. frondosus. Torrey Fl. U. S. 1:487. 1824. 



Robust shrub, canes erect or recurved, 1-2 m high, angular at first, more or less terete 

 later on, brown and glabrous, with a few scattered, straight or slightly recurved prickles 

 from a broadened base. Leaves mostly 5-foliolate; petioles rather stout, finely pubescent 

 or glabrescent, petiolules more or less villous, scattered hooked prickles extending to the 

 midveins of the larger leaflets ; stipules linear-lanceolate, cilia te ; lower leaflets sessile, obliquely 

 ovate, shortly pointed, lateral ones shortly stalked, larger, broadly ovate, and abruptly 

 pointed, terminal leaflet distinctly stalked, cordate, broadly ovate or roundish ovate, 

 abruptly acuminate, 8-14 cm long and 6-10 cm wide; rather firm, dark green above and 

 glabrous when mature, green and densely velvety pubescent underneath ; doubly serrately 

 toothed, teeth rather large and broad, mucronate. Flowering shoots very leafy, pubescent, 

 sparingly prickly; prickles slender, recurved; lower leaves 3-foliolate, upper ones simple; 

 stipules lanceolate, acute; leaflets 3-7 cm long, very variable, ovate or obovate, acute or 

 roundish or subcordate at the base, shortly pointed and coarsely toothed, velvety pubescent 

 underneath. Inflorescence short corymbiform, or with a few lower axillary pedicels; 

 bracts lanceolate, villous; pedicels pubescent, rarely with a few prickles. Calyx green, 

 pubescent; lobes ovate, more or less cuspidate, white tomentose inside; petals broadly 

 oboval, about 10 mm long, white. Fruit black, roundish, sweet, pulpy; drupelets and 

 seeds large. 



Northeastern and central United States; from Massachusetts to Virginia 

 in the South, to Kansas in the West and Ontario in the North, according 

 to Rydberg, I.e. 



R. frondosus is one of the parents of several important varieties of the 

 big cluster blackberries in combination either with R. allcgheniensis or with 

 R. pergratus. There seem to be no pure-bred varieties of R. frondosus. 



R. brainerdi, Rydberg N. Am. Fl. 22:467. 1913; Brainerd & Peiter- 

 sen Vt. Sta. Bui. 217:32, PI. 13. 1920; R. sativus, Brainerd Rhodora 2:26. 

 1900; not R. nigrobaccus var. sativus Bailey 1898, is similar to R. fron- 

 dosus, but a much lower shrub, 0.3-0.6 cm high; with weaker canes and 

 only sparingly prickly. It is perhaps nothing more than a dwarfed form of 

 R. frondosus. 



Rubus recurvans. Blanchard Rhodora 6:224. 1904; Gray New Man. 7th Ed. 490. 

 1911; Rydberg N. Am. Fl. 22:467. 1913; Bailey Gent. Herb. 1:190. 1923. 



Stems erect at first, recurving later on, rooting at the tips, glabrous, slightly angular 

 at first, terete and brown when mature, armed with scattered, straight or retrorse, rather 



