THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 75 



Rubus pergratus. Blanchard Rhodora 8:96. 1906; Gray Neu^ Man. 7th Ed. 490. 

 1911; Rydberg A''. Am. Fl. 22:467. 1913; Bailey Gent. Herb. 1:185. 1923. 



R. orariiis. Blanchard 7?/;o(iora 8: 169. 1906. 



Canes stout, erect, 1-2 m high, tomentose on the young parts, glabrous when old and 

 brown, angled and furrowed; armed with some strong, straight or slightly bent prickles. 

 Leaves of the turions 5-foliolate; leaflets stalked, ovate or oval, suddenly contracted into 

 a sharp point, sharply serrate, almost glabrous above, paler and velvety pubescent under- 

 neath; the lowest leaflets shortly stalked, somewhat attenuated at the base and more or 

 less oblique, the middle ones longer stalked, roimded or subcordate and the terminal one 

 subcordate or cordate at the base, broader than the others. Petioles, petiolules, and mid- 

 veins more or less \-illous and with recun.-ed prickles, not glandular; stipules subulate. 

 Flowering branches angular, villous, and prickly; leaves 3-foliolate, the uppermost simple; 

 leaflets smaller, more obtuse and coarser toothed, the lateral ones sessile. Flowers in 

 racemes, the lower ones axillar, racemes rather short, 7- to 12-flowered, rhachis and pedicels 

 rather stout, densely villous, unarmed or with a few straight prickles but not glandular; 

 bracts lanceolate. Calyx hairy, lobes ovate, shortly cuspidate, whitish felty inside; petals 

 large, obovate, white. Fruits oblong, large, black; drupelets large and pulpy, sweet and 

 juicy. 



Easter )i Xortli America; from Maine west to Ontario and Iowa, south 

 to the Catskills of New York. At the type locaUty, Alstead, New Hamp- 

 shire, this and R. allegheniensis grow side by side, according to Blanchard, 

 and R. pergratus is two weeks earher. Besides he states that R. pergratus 

 goes up to higher altitudes. According to Brainerd and Peitersen, the wild 

 berries are picked for the market in New England. R. pergratus is one 

 of the parents of a large number of our most important big-cluster black- 

 berry varieties. They are easily recognized by the eglandular raceme, the 

 rather long and obtuse leaflets of the flowering shoots, with long sharp teeth ; 

 the pedicels are villous, occasionally with a few prickles. 



Here belong the following varieties: Black Chief, Blowers, Early 

 King, Ford No. i, Fruitland, Early King, Kittatinny, Lovett, Mersereau, 

 Miller, Minnewaska, Sanford, Texas, Ward, and Watt. Some other varie- 

 ties may be crosses between R. pergratus and R. frondosus. They resemble 

 the foregoing, but the inflorescences are more leafy bracted. Among these 

 are the following: Brewer, Erie, Green Hardy, La Grange, Ohmer, Success, 

 Triumph, and Woodland. See also under R. allegheniensis. 



Rubus frondisentis. Blanchard Torreya 6:119. 1906; Bailey Gent. Herb. 1:183. 

 1923. 



Erect, canes covered all over wath weak prickles, bristles, and stalked glands. Leaves 

 5-foliolate, leaflets stalked, o\'ate, acute, more or less rounded at the base, terminal one 

 broader ovate, serrate, almost glabrous and shining above, pubescent underneath at least 



