70 



THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 



green or reddish color ; lateral and terminal leaflets long stalked, long acuminate or suddenly 

 contracted into a long point. Flowering branches pale, slightly pubescent; inflorescence 

 racemose; peduncle and pedicels slender, patent like the calyx, adpressedly puberulous, 

 Kot glandular. 



So far no horticultural varieties have been developed from this series, 

 but some of the species offer possibilities. 



A. Canes 1.5-4 m high, erect, robust, usually unarmed; larger leaflets with a cordate 



base R- canadensis 



A A. Canes not as high, more or less prickly; only terminal leaflets cordate or rounded at 

 the base 

 B. Canes erect, stouter 



C. Leaflets oval or ovate R. eleganiulus 



CC. Leaflets obovate or oblanceolate R. aniicalis 



BB. Canes ascending, weaker; leaflets ovate with a long point R. randii 



Rubus canadensis. Linnaeus 5^. PL 494. 1753; Card Sws/j-Fr. 327. 1898; Bailey 

 Ev. Kat. Fruits 385, figs. 92 & 93. 1898; Schneider ///. Hdb. Laubh. 1:519. 1905; Gray 

 New Man. 7th Ed. 490. 1911; Rydberg A'. Am. Fl. 22:468. 1913; Focke Spec. Rub. 

 3:91. 1914; Bailey Ce^z^ //^6. 1:180. 1923. 



R. Millspaughii. Britton Bui. Torrey Bot. Club 18:366. 1891. 



Thornless or Mountain Blackberry. — Robust shrub, 1.5-4 m high; canes stout, erect, 

 slightly arching at the top, angled and furrowed, brownish, glabrous, usually unanned 

 or with a few straight prickles; branching the first year. Leaves 5-foliolate, large; petiole 

 and petiolules glabrous, usually brownish, unarmed, or rarely with a few prickles; stipules 

 lanceolate-subulate; leaflets all, especially the terminal one, long stalked, ovate-lanceolate 

 contracted into a long point, more or less cordate at the base, the terminal leaflet broader 

 and longer, green above and paler underneath, glabrous on both sides, simply or doubly 

 serrate, the teeth acute, directed forward; veins prominent underneath, pale or reddish. 

 Flowering branches slender, yellowish green; leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obliquely ovate or 

 rhomboid-ovate, i^ointed, sharply irregularly serrate; petioles often shghtly pubescent. 

 Flowers in long lax racemes 8-15 cm long; peduncle and pedicels slender, unarmed, finely 

 pubescent ; lower bracts foliaceous, simple, obovate, upper bracts lanceolate, acute, pubes- 

 cent; pedicels up to 6 cm long, slender, almost filiform, spreading; calyx minutely pubescent, 

 lobes ovate, decidedly cuspidate, white tomentose inside; petals longer, 10-15 "^n^. obovate, 

 clawed at the base; stamens and pistils numerous, filaments slender. Fruit roundish, 

 black, sour or even bitterish, ripening late, drupelets numerous, rather large, glabrous. 



Eastern North America; from Newfoundland west to Wisconsin, and 

 southward in the mountains to North Carolina. The accounts about the 

 quality of the fruit vary. Bailey, in Evolution of our Native Fruits, page 

 324, says they are " quite palatable and sweet to a hungry man." Again, 

 " that the fruit becomes ripe and black in September. The berries are 

 large, long and slender and very sweet, lacking the sharply acid or bitterish 

 quality of the berries of the lower mountains." 



