44 THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 



pointed leaflets. Flowering branches green with remote slender prickles; leaves 3-foliolate, 

 leaflets rarely cordate at the base, pointed and sharply serrate; petioles and petiolules 

 pubescent. Flowers densely almost lunbellately corymbose at the top of the branches on 

 short and stiff pedicels, and a few usually 3- flowered clusters from the upper axils. Pedicels 

 and calyx white tomentose with numerous spreading slightly curved prickles, without 

 glands ; calyx-lobes ovoid-deltoid with a long tip, unarmed, reflexed. Petals oblong, whitish, 

 shorter than the cal>TC-lobes. Stamens numerous, filaments flattened, shorter than the 

 styles. Fruit hemispherical, black, edible. 



North America; from New Brunswick and Quebec to Minnesota in 

 the west, and south as far as Colorado and Georgia, but in the south restricted 

 to the mountains; chiefly in woods, along fences and in hedges; sometimes 

 a nasty weed. 



The species varies little; a variety, pallidas, Bailey Cyc. Am. Hort. 

 1582. 1902, or var. flavohacciis, Blanchard Rhodora 7:146. 1905, bears 

 amber-yellow fruits. Hybrids with other species have been recorded, the 

 most important see under R. idaeus. R. occidentalis has become a widely 

 cultivated plant with numerous varieties. 



The following is its Pacific sister-species: 



Rubus leucodermis. Douglas in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 178. 1S32; Torrey & Gray 

 Fl. N. Am. 1:454. 1840; Rydberg N Am. Fl. 22:444. 1911; Bailey Stand. Cyc. Hort. 

 5:3028. 1916. 



R. occidentalis var. leucodermis. Card Bush-Fr. 319. 1898; Focke Spec. Rub. 

 2:201. 1911. 



Very similar to R. occidentalis, and also very glaucous; canes armed with stout, flat, 

 more recurved prickles. Leaves of the canes also similar, 3- to s-foliolate, pedate; lower 

 leaflets sessile, lateral ones stalked, the terminal one larger, sometimes sublobate, teeth 

 variable. The prickles on petioles and petiolules and especially on the peduncles and 

 pedicels with a broader flatter base and more falcate or hooked. Inflorescence much like 

 in R. occidentalis, not glandular; pedicels usually glabrescent, not tomentose; calyx-lobes 

 acuminate. Fruit dark reddish purple or blackish with tomentose drupelets. 



Western North America; from Montana and Wyoming to south Cali- 

 fornia in San Antonio mountains at about 3200 feet elevation, and north 

 to British Columbia. It is a more robust and earlier plant than R. occi- 

 dentalis, with more yellowish canes and the leaflets of a lighter green and 

 less abruptly pointed. 



Rubus leucodermis var. trinitatis Berger, n. var. 



Leaves of flowering branches simple, cordate-orbicular, shortly 3-lobed, crenate. 

 Flowers somewhat smaller, calyx-lobes with a short tip, white villous. 



Northern California; Trinity County, near Douglas City; first collected 

 June 13, 1896, by W. C. Blasdale. This form with round simple leaves 



