THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 43 



do not succeed, but chiefly as an onaamental plant to cover pergolas, 

 arbors, and fences. 



Series 7. Occidentales. Focke Spec. Rub. 2:201. 19 11. 



Canes long, arching, rooting at the tips or prostrate, with glaucous bloom and scattered 

 usually stout prickles. Leaves 3-foliolate orpedately s-foliolate. Inflorescence corymbi- 

 foma; pedicels usually prickly sometimes glandular. 



About 8 species extending from western North America to Peru along 

 the mountains. 



A. Leaves white tomentose beneath 



B. Fruit hemispherical; calyx-lobes not reflexed, spreading or enclosing the fruit; 

 leaflets with 4-S lateral veins on each side of the midrib 

 C. Flowers several, corymbose or panicled; petals shorter than the calyx-lobes 

 D. Inflorescence without glands; tall plants; leaflets glabrous above 



E. Prickles of the inflorescence only slightly curved or straight and scarcely 

 flattened; leaflets broad, suddenly contracted into a point, dark green 

 above; canes intensely bluish green, or purplish later on, with a dense 



bloom R- occideutalis 



EE. Prickles of the inflorescence with a broad flat base and strongly hooked 

 or falcate; leaflets less abruptly pointed, more yellowish green; canes 



more yellowish under the dense bloom R. leiicodermis 



DD. Inflorescence or cahrx with stalked glands ; smaller plants with prostrate canes ; 

 leaflets hairy above 



E. Canes puberulous, with a few small prickles R. glaucif alius 



EE. Canes glabrous, with many stout prickles R. bernardinus 



CC. Flowers solitary or sometimes 2-3 together; petals about as long as the calyx- 

 lobes R- pringlei 



BB. Emit oblong; calyx-lobes reflexed; leaflets with 9-15 lateral veins on each side of 

 the midrib ■ 



C. Leaflets glabrous above, long acuminate; fruit 8-15 mm across R. glaucus 



CC. Leaflets puberulent above, suddenly contracted to a long point; fruit 6-8 mm 



across ^- eriocarpus 



.\A. Leaves green and glabrous on both sides; petals scarcely half as long as the calyx- 

 \q\^qs ^- ^ligerrimus 



Rubus occidentalis. Linnaeus Sp. PI. 493- i753; Card Bush-Fr. 319. 1898; Focke 

 Spec. Rub. 2:201. 1911; Gray New Man. 7th Ed. 487. 1911; Rydberg N. Am. Fl. 22: 

 443. 1913; Bailey 5toHcf. Crc. Hor/. 5:3028. 1916; Bailey Gent. Herb. 1:147. 1923- 



Black Raspberry, Blackcap, Thimbleberry.— Vigorous shrub, turions or canes erect, 

 arching and rooting at the tips, terete, greenish or purplish, covered with a fine white or 

 bluish bloom, glabrous, remotely beset with flattened, deltoid, straight or hooked prickles, 

 but without bristles. Lower leaves of the turions larger, 3-foliolate or pedately s-foliolate, 

 the lateral leaflets in the latter case stalked, the lowest sessile, in 3-foHolate leaves the lower 

 leaflets sessile and often with a basal lobe, terminal leaflet long stalked, broadly cordate- 

 ovate, all leaflets pointed and sharply doubly toothed, green above and densely white 

 tomentose beneath. Petioles stout, like the petiolules and mid veins prickly; stipules 

 small, subulate. The upper leaves gradually diminishing in size, with narrower and longer 



