268 THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 



in trade and one hardly knows which names are rightly applied, as the 

 original descriptions of the varieties are instifficient for identification. 

 An attempt to find a method of classification has been made by Ronald 

 G. Hatton at the Fruit Experiment Station, East Mailing, England. 

 {Jour. Pom. 1:65, 80, 145-154. 1919.) The black currant has been crossed 

 with the European gooseberry; and this hybrid, R. nigrum x Grossularia 

 reclinata, is known as R. culverwellii, MacFarlane Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 

 37:203. 1892; Card. Chron. 3d Ser. 28:7. 1900. 



It was first raised by a Mr. Culverwell, Thorpe Perrow, Yorkshire, 

 in 1880. (See Card. Chron. 19:635. 1883.) It has been repeatedly pro- 

 duced, also the reversed cross {R. Sclineideri Maiirer in Koehne Garten- 

 flora 409. 1902.) At Geneva the cross has been made several times and 

 a great number of individuals were grown which represented all possible 

 intermediate forms of the two species. Some individuals were scarcely 

 different from R. nigrum, others were more like Grossularia, but aU were 

 unarmed and not all had the peculiar scent of R. nigrum. 



Ribes americanum. Miller Card. Diet. 8th Ed. No. 4. 1768; Card Bush-Fr. 481, 

 fig. 107. 1898; Coville & Britton A^. Am. Fl. 22:206. 1908; Rehder in Bailey 

 Stand. Cyc. Hori. 5:2959. 1916; Bean Trees & Shrubs 2:398. 1921; Berger A''. Y. 

 Sta. Tech. Bid. 109:33. 1925. 



R. floridum. L'H^r. Stirp. Nov. 4. 1785; Loudon Arb. 2:985, fig. 735. 1844; Britton 

 & Brown III. Fl. 2:191, fig. 1784. 1897: Schneider III. Hdb. Laubh. 1:421. 1905; 

 Janczewski Monogr. 350. 1907; Gray New Man. 7th Ed. 451. 191 1. 



R. nigrum pennsylvauicum. Marshall Arbust. 132. 1785. 



R. americanum nigrum. Moench Verz. ausldnd. Bdume 104. 1785. 



R. pennsyhanicum. Lamarck Encyc. 3:49. 1789. 



R. campanulatum. Moench Meth. 683. PI. 6. 1795. 



R. recurvatum. Michaux F/. Bor. Am. 1:109. 1S03. 



Coreosma florida. Spach Am. Set. Nat. 2:4, 22. 1835. 



R. floridum grandiflorum and R. floridum parviflorum. Loudon Arb. 986. 1836. 



R. missouriense Hort. (not Nutt.) in Bean Trees & Shrubs 2:398. 1921. 



American Wild Black Currant. — Shrub of spreading or erect habit, 0.5-1.5 m high; 

 young branches from downy to subglabrous, glandular-dotted; old wood with gray or a 

 blackish bark. Leaves from a truncate or more or less broadly cordate base 3- to s-lobed, 

 the lobes ovoid and more or less pointed, sharply and coarsely toothed, the lower lobes 

 generally indistinct, bright green, paler and more or less pubescent, at least along the veins 

 beneath and with nxtmerous resinous glands or dots, also on the upper surface, about 4.5-7 

 cm long and 5-9 cm wide. Petiole slender, about equaling the blade, more or less pubescent, 

 glandular-dotted, generally with several plumose fringes near the base. Racemes up to 

 10 cm long, drooping, with 5-15 flowers; rhachis, bracts, and pedicels pubescent; bracts 



