374 THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 



Eastern North America, northern Asia, and Europe; north as far as 

 Lapland and Iceland. It is commonly found, probably subspontaneous, 

 in South America, Ecuador, in Peru, and in eastern Brazil. 



There are several varieties and forms, some of which have been 

 described as minor species by Jordan and Fourreau, which do not deserve to 

 be mentioned. The most common European form has been distinguished 

 as F. vesca var. silvestris Linn, or var. typica, Ascherson & Graebener I.e. 

 A small form of this occurring on dry hills is F. minor, Duchesne in Lam. 

 Encycl. 2:531. 1786. 



A form with erose petals is var. crenata, Schur En. PL Transs. 186. 

 1866. Two monstrous forms were named by Duchesne in Lam. Encycl. 

 2:532, 533. 1786, F. multiplex with small pale fruits and F. botryformis 

 with ntunerous small flowers rising from one flower. 



A form with pale pink petals has been described as var. roseiflora, 

 Bculey Bui. Soc. Bot. Fr. 18:92. 1871; a form with bright rose-colored 

 petals is var. rosea, Rostrup in Lange Haandb. Danske Fl. 4th Ed. 810. 1888. 



A form with white or pale fruits is known as var. alba Ehrhart, Ryd- 

 berg Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2:174. 1898; F. vulgaris alba, 

 Ehrhart Beitr. 7:22. 1792; F. vesca albicarpa, Britton Bui. Torrey Bot. 

 Club 6:323. 1879. It occurs with the type and is not rare in North 

 America. 



The rare form with elongated red, or dark red, or whitish fniits is 

 often cultivated and was named F. vesca hortensis, Ser. in De Candolle 

 Prodr. 2:569. 1825; F. hortensis, Duchesne Hist. Nat. Frais. 113. 1766. 



More marked varieties are as follows: 



Var. monophylla Duchesne. Ascherson & Graebener Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. 6:650. 

 1904. 



F. monophylla. Duchesne Hist. Nat. Frais. 124. 1766. 

 F. abnormis. Tra.tt. Ros. Monogr. y. 166. 1824. 



A monstrous form with one cordate-ovate or sometimes indistinctly 

 3-lobed leaflet; it was first raised by Duchesne in 1761 as a chance seed- 

 ling from F. vesca. 



It comes true from seed and is easily propagated from runners. Its 

 leaves are those of the juvenile state. 



Var. efflagellis Duchesne. Ser. in De Candolle Prodr. 2:569. 1825. 

 F. efflagellis. Duchesne Hist. Nat. Frais. 119. 1766. 



Rootstock much branched, caespitose, without runners, petioles erect, longer. Flowers 

 more numerous; fruits mostly elongate. 



