THE SMALL FRUITS OF NEW YORK 379 



an entire, broadly cuneate base, teeth about 7 on each side. Scape shorter than the leaves, 

 with many spreading hairs, like the petioles, rather few flowered; bracts verj- hairy, densely 

 covered with almost adpressed silky hairs. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, rarely her- 

 maphrodite, the male flowers larger. Calyx very densely silky hairy, lobes narrowed above 

 the base, the outer ones shorter. Petals 6-8, round, with undulate margins, suddenly 

 contracted into a claw, longer than the calyx; receptacle hair>', stamens in the male 

 flowers many. Fruit dull red, ovoid conical, large, over 3 cm long, hairy between the 

 slightly sunken achenes, borne on a recurved or — formed pedicel, caljTc-lobes loosely 

 adpressed. 



Chile, Peru, Ecuador, and there largely cultivated everywhere under 

 the name Frutilla. An interesting account of its cultivation in South 

 America is given by Wilson Popenoe, I.e. It is said to grow in California. 

 The Chilean strawberry was first introduced into France in 17 12 by a French 

 officer named Frezier. 



A form with two smaller leaflets below the normal leaflets was named 

 var. pentaphylla, Schur E7ium. Plant. Transs. 187. 1866, but such leaves 

 are frequently found. 



The first introduced plants of F. chiloensis were pistillate-flowering and 

 consequently unproductive for want of pollination. Pollination, however, 

 took place where the plants were grown in the vicinity of F. mrginiana. 

 From seeds resulting from such crosses were produced towards the middle of 

 the eighteenth century the varieties known as Pine or Ananas, Bath, and 

 others. They were described under the following names: F. ananassa, 

 Duchesne Hist. Nat. Frais. 190. 1766; F. vesca ananassa, Aiton Hort. 

 Kew. 2:212. 1789; F. grandiflora, Ehrhart Beitr. 7:25. 1792, and F. 

 calycina, Mill. Icon. PL 288. 1794. The variety Bath was named F. calv- 

 culata by Duchesne in Lamarck Encyc. 2:538. 1786; a similar variety, 

 Caroline, was named F. carolinensis, and another, F. tincta, by Duchesne 

 in Lamarck Encyc. 2:539. 1786. 



Evidently different strains and varieties of F. virginiana must have 

 partaken in these crosses, and from these came all of our modem large- 

 fruited strawberries. Some of these varieties lean to one parent, some to 

 the other, but most of them are intermediate forms. The stronger influence 

 of F. chiloensis is usually visible in the more leathery shining green flat 

 leaflets with a more reticulate venation, roimdish teeth, and greater hairi- 

 ness on petioles and peduncles. Examples are the varieties Alden, Arcade 

 Aurora, Bliss, Howard, Parker, Schauber, and Wyona. 



Those kinds which lean more towards F. virginiana have thinner, 

 more glaucous leaflets, which are more or less felted along the midrib, 



