206 



HORTICULTURE 



February 17, 1906 



HE A TING I HE A TING 1 HE A TING i 



200,000 SQUARE FEET OF GLASS IN 1905. 

 PRETTY FAIR, NOT CONNECTED WITH ANY COMBINATION OR TRUST. 



READ THE FOLLOWING FROM MR. J. P. COCKROFT, 

 NORTHPORT, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 



Mr. Wm. LuttoN, 



Dear Sir: — I wish to expiess my entire satisfaction of the heal- 

 ing plant that you installed, in my three (3) carnation houses, 33 x 175, we have 

 not the slightest difficulty in maintaining the temperature, and I am particularly 

 pleased with the boiler. Yours very truly, 



J. D. COCKCROFT. 



Original copies of th< above letters with many others on rile at ray office and will be furnished on application. 

 WILL FURNISH YOU SEPARATE ESTIMATES ON YOUR HEATING AND BUILDING. 



WILLiAM Hm LUTTON \ West Side Ave. Station, C. R.R. of N. J., Jersey City, N. J. 



SOME PRIVATE WORK ALSO. 



Mr. Wm. H. Lutton, 



Dear Sir: — I am very well pleased with the heating of our palm 

 hou>e.your work has been done in a satisfactory and workmanlike manner, irue 

 *o the letter of your contract, which means first-class work, you have the liberty 

 to use my name and can refer anyone to me, and I shall give you the credit that 

 you are justly entitled to. Yours Respectfully, 



JOHN SHORE, Supt. Wm. H. Macy Estate, Harrison, N. Y. 



Canada, where the winters are very 

 severe. The only advantage steam 

 has in the central part of the United 

 States is that it is cheaper at first 

 cost to install, and it will heat the 

 houses more quickly than hot water. 

 For this one reason I recommend it 

 to be used in large ranges. 



The question of selecting a boiler 

 is often a very serious problem to the 

 gardener or florist, but there are so 

 many different makes and styles on 

 the market at present that it would 

 be almost impossible to recommend 

 any certain make, but I would advise 

 anyone in selecting a boiler for heat- 

 ing purposes that it is not always safe 

 to rely on ratings in the various boiler 

 catalogues, for this reason: A boiler 

 that will work up to its full rated ca- 

 pacity under one set of conditions 

 may be an utter failure in another in- 

 stallation, although the load on the 

 boiler under both sets of conditions 

 may be exactly the same. This ap- 

 plies more particularly to boilers 

 which have a large amount of flue sur- 

 face and a long fire travel. Such boil- 

 ers will only do their best where there 

 is a very strong draft; when attached 

 to a chimney where the draft is indif- 

 ferent, they may not carry half the 

 load assigned to them in the cata- 

 logue. 



The reason for this is that every 

 pound of coal burned requires for its 

 perfect combustion a quantity of air, 

 which may be stated, theoretically, as 

 150 cubic feet. In practice, however, 

 the amount required for good combus- 

 tion will run from 50 to 100 per cent, 

 more than the theoretical quantity. 

 When, however, there is an insuffi- 

 cient supply of air, the coal will burn 

 away just as rapidly, but will yield 

 much less heat than when there is a 

 sufficient quantity of air. To put the 

 matter plainly, each atom of carbon 

 requires for its perfect combustion two 

 atoms of oxygen, and when the car- 

 bon combines with this quantity of 

 oxygen it burns to carbon dioxide and 

 yields per pound 14,500 heat units. If, 

 however, through an insufficient air 

 supply there is less than two atoms 

 of oxygen to one of carbon, the car- 

 bon will then combine with but one 

 atom of oxygen and will burn to car- 

 bon monoxide, yielding 4,500 heat 

 units, or less than one-third the heat 

 given off when the combustion is per 

 feet. 



Now when a boiler with a long fire 

 travel is attached to a chimney flue 

 of scant size, the gases cool before en- 



tering the chimney and the velocity or 

 the rising column of air is not suffi- 

 cient to pull enough air into the mass 

 of fuel to promote good combustion. 



A boiler with a direct draft would 

 deliver the gases into the chimney 

 at a higher temperature, which would 

 increase the velocity of the draft and 

 cause an increase in the flow of air 

 through the fuel, giving better com- 

 bustion and higher efficiency. This 

 will explain the reason that in some 

 installations a boiler will burn a 

 large amount of coal with very low 

 heating effect. In putting in a boiler 

 where there is any doubt about the 

 draft, it is always good practice to 

 select a heater that has a short fire 

 travel and direct heating surfaces. 

 The draft, or rate of combustion, in 

 this direct draft boiler can be con- 

 trolled by a good cross damper in the 

 smoke pipe, and under these condi- 

 tions better fuel economy can be ob- 

 tained than where an attempt is made 

 to retain all the heat in the boiler, 

 which is, of course, an impossibility. 

 The value of good combustion cannot 

 be too strongly emphasized, and with- 

 out a strong draft and a hot fire box, 

 the fuel will burn away and yield a 

 low percentage of its heating power. 

 Considering the fact that coal, burn- 

 ing to perfect combustion, will yield 

 three times as much heat as when 

 through lack of oxygen the combus- 

 tion is at its worst, we must see the 

 importance of selecting a boiler that 

 will not be handicapped by having a 

 long, narrow and tortuous fire or gas 

 travel. To sum up. boilers with more 

 than 50 per cent, of fire or indirect 

 surface, should only be attached to a 

 chimney flue of such proportions as 

 will insure a strong draft. 



:>«.: • CSV-' • -»*_-- • ^-»«_- . »OC; •<-' 



PATENTS J 



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--end your business direct to Washington. 

 Saves time and insure- better service. 

 Personal attention guaranteed. 

 Twenty-five years' active practice. 

 SPECIALTY: -'Working on the Fatlures 

 of Others." 



SIGGERS & SIGGERS 



PATENT LAWYERS 



Box 9, National Union Building 

 Washington, D. C. 



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Sum Drie.d 

 Cypress 



wmmm 



is The. be-st* 



f Write- 



0LLY MFG. Co. 

 47/ JV..22.** 57". 



-Chicago- >„ 



For Fre.E.CataL0$UE- 



VENTILATIMG 



Apparatus. 



FlTTI/iGS 



Hot-Bed Sash. 



^ AMD ESTIMATES- 



Consult Buyers' Directory and List 

 of New Offers on Pages 202, 203 & 204. 



BOSTON PLATE & WINDOW GLAJS CO. 



GREENHOUSE GLASS 



German and American 



261 to 287 A St., BOSTON 20-22 Canal St, 



