April 21, 1906 



HOKTlCU LTUKL 



,'j 1 5 



Dwarf Fruits 





Pears in double upright cordon. 



The aim in growing dwarf fruits is to produce plenty 

 of sound, healthy wood bearing numerous fruit spurs 

 within ;i prescribed limited space. Because of the con- 

 ventional way of training this is easily brought about. 

 Such branches are allowed to develop on the stem as 

 are required by the style of training; cordons, 

 palmettes, fans, vignes, lorenges, and the like furnish- 

 ing ample material for all situations. 



As soon as growth is well under way all other buds 

 on the trunk are rubbed off to prevent their interfering 

 by future development. The side branches are per- 

 mitted to grow the first season unhindered, the only 

 care being to see that all parts develop evenly. If one 

 branch or series appears to have an advantage, by bend- 

 ing the weaker ones so that they make a greater angle 

 with the horizontal they will receive an impetus that 

 will cause them to catch up quickly. 



In February or March the previous season's growth is 

 shortened one-fourth to one-third to induce the produc- 

 tion nf fruit with the renewal of growth. Only five or 

 six fruit spurs should he allowed to a branch, more 

 should he removed. During the season if growth is too 

 pronounced the tips should he pinched about August 1 

 or when growth begins to slacken, in order to thor- 

 oughly ripen the wood before winter. 



As the trees are grown on small space under artificial 



PEA< II A- IAN ESPALIER. 



conditions they require constant care, every leaf, 

 flower, bud, fruit, branch anil root must be looked after 

 frequently and carefully. The trees are heavy feeders 

 and the roots run shallow so liberal quantities of 

 manure and wood ashes should lie supplied them. 



A mulch is desirable, adding manure and preserving 

 the water .it the same time. Thorough clean cultiva- 

 tion must he given, and a careful conscientious super- 

 vision kept up all the time. 



After the trees are formed little pruning is necessary. 

 The wood, if excessive, needs to be pinched during the 

 summer and shortened in ai the winter clean up. As 

 the fruit spurs become old they should give way to 

 young, vigorous ones developed from dormant buds, or 

 the old spur should he cut hack to within an inch 

 of the branch. A new growth will spring from this 

 stub and form a new spur. 



The trees may lie trained against a house, wall, fence 

 or trellis, or wires may he put up specially for a support. 

 A novel way is to train the trees to a single wire strung 

 along a walk or roadway, employing the single or double 

 cordon. 



a Ik 



Horizontal cordon apples. 



Magnolias. 



The magnolias rank first among the flowering trees 

 and they well deserve the distinction. We appreciate 

 them more perhaps, coming into flower a.- they do. after 

 the long drear} winter. What is prettier than a large 

 specimen in full bloom, in April? We arc often robbed 

 of this sight by late spring frosts in the vicinity of 

 Philadelphia. 



There arc main native varieties of ureal merit hut 

 those blooming early, with the large-sized blooms come 

 from Japan and China and are more familiar to the 

 lover of flowers. The most common and well known 

 native varieties are glauea or sweet bay, also known as 

 the Jersey magnolia, tripetala or umbrella magnolia, 

 acuminata or cucumber magnolia, macrophylla or large 

 dewed cucumber type, grandifiora or the treasured 

 southern magnolia and Fraseri. 



The different varieties classed as Japanese and 

 Chinese are stellata or Halleana, Kobus, conspicua or 

 Yulan, purpurea. Soulangeana and its allied types, 

 Alexandria. Norbertiana, Lennei and speciosa. 



The difficulty that many encounter in transplanting 

 magnolia is due to lack of knowledge of the proper time 



