219 



all of the land below this line has as yet been brought under 

 cultivation. This elevation is approximately 3000 feet. 



Both at Naalehu and Pahala the upper land has been culti- 

 vated on contract by Japanese. As the crop at this elevation 

 takes longer to mature the tendency is to pay more attention 

 to intensive methods on the better lands below, rather than to 

 take in a larger area above. Especially is this statement true 

 of Naalehu, where all the available water that can be got is 

 wanted for the irrigation of the lower level fields. 



FUEL SUPPLY. 



Special mention should be made of one area above Pahala, the 

 so-called Mud Flow on the eastern side of ''Wood Valley" on the 

 government land of Ahulili, which I recommend be included 

 in the reserve. Tlie Mud Flow is a rough, rocky point pro- 

 jecting into the cane fields, the lower end of the area covered by 

 a land slip. While the great bulk of the Kau Forest Reserve 

 is to be considered as essentially a protection forest, such areas, 

 being in a sense detached from the main forest and consequently 

 exercising less influence on the drainage, could well be devoted to 

 growing trees to supply the demand for timber and fuel ahvays 

 existing on the plantation below^ This use of the land, under 

 suitable restrictions and proper management, would in no way 

 conflict with the main purpose of the reserve. It would rather 

 be directly in line with the idea of the "preservation of the forest 

 by wise use" that underlies the whole forest reserve system. 



THE FOREST. 



The forest in the proposed Kau Forest Reserve is largely 

 made up of Koa and Ohia Lehua growling together, or forming 

 pure stands, or in mixture wnth other less important trees. On 

 the lower or makai side of the reserve, up to an elevation of per- 

 haps 4000 feet, are found a number of trees in mixture with 

 those just mentioned, none however being of commercial im- 

 portance. Above this is a belt of Koa: a nearly if not quite pure 

 stand of large sized trees. On the upper or mauka side of the re- 

 serve the Koa gradually gives place to Ohia Lehua, which in 

 places forms a pure stand, for the most part of rather young trees. 

 Koa and Mamani are found in detached groves further up the 

 mountain on Kahuku in kipukas or pockets of good soil in the 

 lava. 



