431 



for a portion of Kaohe 4 went into effect the next day. This lease 

 was sold to Mr. A. M. Brown during the winter of 1904. 



Kaohe 2 and the lower portion of the other three tracts are 

 primarily of value for grazing and should in my judgment be so 

 used, except as hereinafter noted. Above an elevation of about 

 5,000 feet there is a fairly dense growth of Mamani (Sophora 

 chrysophylla) making a practically pure stand, which extends up 

 the mountain to an elevation of about 8,000 feet. Within the last 

 ten years the belt of Mamani has, through natural reproduction, 

 been extended both up and down the mountain and the process 

 is still going on. Just why the Mamani should have taken this 

 sudden start is not clearly understood, the usually excepted theory 

 being that prior to about 10 years ago some insect or other pest 

 held the reproduction in check. Unless a paddock is heavily 

 overstocked cattle do not interfere with the growth or reproduc- 

 tion of Mamani. In fact over a considerable part of the Mamani 

 belt the trees are coming up so thickly as almost to preclude graz- 

 ing. Obviously no artificial protection is required for this type 

 of forest. 



The Mamani forest extends some distance above the area of 

 good grazing land, which is marked by the upper limit of the valu- 

 able native and introduced grasses. The section above the Ma- 

 mani belt being without valuable vegetation is of little account for 

 grazing. It is for the most part now used only by wild cattle and 

 horses. There seems at present no economic use to which it can 

 be put. 



In <"he leases that have just expired this area of waste land was 

 included with the good land below, thrown in as it were as a sort 

 of "manuahi," thereby greatly swelling the acreage under lease, 

 but being of little value to the lessee. In my opinion this arrange- 

 ment serves no good end and should in future be discontinuel ; 

 the land of value for grazing being leased as such and the re- 

 mainder held by the Government as waste land. 



In a report upon the land of Kaohe 4 made to the Board 

 under the date of Dec. 3rd, 1904, I made similar recomrhenda- 

 tions in regard to the mauka part of that tract. These were 

 adopted and when the lease was made to Mr. Brown only the 

 good grazing land was mcluded, thus establishing a precedent 

 in regard to waste land. I now recommend that when Kaohe 

 3 and 5 are re-leased the portion above the following roughly 

 described line be excluded and retained by the Land Office as 

 waste land : 



Beginning on the boundary between Kaohe 4 and 5 at the 

 end of the fence required to be built across Kaohe 4, the line 

 should run mauka of Puu Ahuamoa to Puu Laau. thence along 

 the mauka boundary of Paauhau to Puu Kemole. thence ma- 

 uka of Puu Kaluamakani to a point on the division line be- 

 tween Kaohe 3 and Kaohe 5, thence along said division line to 



