97 



exception of a small nodule at the point of inoculation no symp- 

 toms of glanders had developed three weeks after inoculation, 

 and the animals were eating well and had gained in weight. The 

 mule had in the meantime been shot, the case becoming general- 

 ized and highly offensive but retaining its appetite almost to 

 the last. 



The continuous rains— from 5 to 10 inches and more nearly 

 every day — and the unfortunate feed conditions had caused a 

 good deal of sickness and several deaths of a non-specific char- 

 acter, and had the mill not begun grinding and cane tops become 

 available, most of the field work would undoubtedly have come 

 to a stop. A number of visits had been made to the plantation 

 first mentioned and to one further south, but no more cases were 

 met with after cane tops and some barley were again fed. 



In view of the fact that the last authentic case of glanders 

 observed in the Territory had occurred in Waipio Valley where 

 40 head were destroyed and many more died during 1912, a 

 thorough investigation of that locality was decided upon. All 

 horse stock was rounded up, 171 head, and a list made of the 

 names of the owners and the number belonging to each. After 

 inspection, the valley was searched for additional animals and a 

 few were found, but none showing any symptoms of disease. 

 From former experiences, the possibility of diseased animals 

 being hidden in the gulches beyond Waipio was not excluded, 

 so a party including the police and Board of Health officers, as 

 well as Dr. Shipman and myself, undertook to search this very 

 difficult district. All of the nine gulches beyond Waipio and in- 

 cluding Waimanu were explored, but only in the latter did we 

 find about thirty head of horse stock and they were all healthy. 

 It would therefore seem safe to conclude that the very heavy 

 glanders infection which had persisted in this district for years 

 had been eradicated completely during the 1912-1913 campaign. 



The difficulty of this Division dealing with a sereve outbreak 

 of disease among the live stock in the Hamakua district is mani- 

 fest. Our two deputies are located, one at Hilo and one at Ko- 

 hala, so for either to visit Kukuihaele for instance, and return 

 home, would require their traveling from 100 to 150 miles over 

 bad roads, with the possibility of having to return the next day 

 to diagnose a new case. A plantation manager can, of course, 

 quarantine and destroy his own animals if he deems it necessary, 

 but what of the hundreds of animals belonging to the villagers, 

 tradesmen and homesteaders, who will take no such measures 

 unless compelled to. And it is these animals that come and go 

 and are sold or hidden out as soon as they show any suspicious 

 symptoms, which are a constant menace to the plantation and 

 ranch stock in any district. 



Under these circumstances an effort was made to have the 

 principal live stock owners in the Hamakua and Waimea dis- 

 tricts provide for the permanent employment of a first class 

 veterinarian, to be invested with the authority of a deputy ter- 



