127 



4. MAMANi TYPE, Soplwra chrysophylla. 



This type occurs above the ohia lehua type but only on the 

 islands possessing the higher elevations of from 5000 to 10,000 

 feet. It corresponds to the upper forest zone of the botanist 

 and in it may be found almost pure rather open stands of ma- 

 mani with also some naio and occasionally hoa and ohia. 



VALUE OF THE FOREST TYPES. 



From the viewpoint of forest management, the value of these 

 four types may be described as follows : 



1. ALGAROBA TYPE. A commercial or supply forest useful 



mainly for the production of algaroba wood, and beans for 

 stock feed, and blossoms for bee pasturage. In this type 

 other introduced trees may also be grown for fuel and 

 timber. 



2. KUKUI TYPE. A protection forest, valuable chiefly in the 



scheme of water conservation as a protection to the ohia 

 lehua type im.mediately above and also for the production 

 of w^ood in its lower parts. 



3. OHIA LEHUA TYPE. An absolute protection forest, be- 



cause generally it is water producing and therefore the 

 most important. It should be left strictly alone without 

 interference by man or beast. 



4. MAMANI TYPE. A protection forest, valuable chiefly for 



its protective influence on the ohia lehua type immediately 

 below. In a minor way it may some day be considered in 

 parts a supply forest for the production of planted com- 

 mercial timber. 



CHIEF VALUE OF THE HAWAIIAN FOREST. 



It may readily be seen from the foregoing classification iliat 

 the prime value of the main Hawaiian forest types lies not in 

 their commercial wood products but in their ability to serve 

 as a protection to the watersheds of streams and springs needed 

 for irrigation and domestic purposes and to watersheds tributary 

 to artesian basins and in their beneficial forest influences in re- 

 gions where the people depend mainly upon the rainfall for their 

 water supply. 



That these forests are intimately connected with the leading 

 industry in the islands — sugar production — through the water 

 which they conserve, may readily be seen from the fact that of 

 the total of 649,786 tons of sugar produced in the 1917 crop on 

 an aggregate area of 120.251 acres, 62% of the tonnage was 

 secured from irrigated fields covering 62,979 acres. In addition 

 to actual irrigation, these forests supplied water for domestic 

 purposes, for the development of electrical energy for pumping 

 and, in the unirrigated regions, water for fluming cane. 



FOREST PROTECTION THE CHIEF WORK. 



The chief value of the forest in the last three types, therefore, 

 is the effect which it has on the supply of water, and the indus- 

 tries of the Territory demand that it be managed chiefly as a 



