126 



lower forest, middle forest, upper forest and the bog zone, and 

 Rock has added to these one more, the strand type or zone. 



In the following classification the bog zone is omitted alto- 

 gether since it cannot be considered a forest type on account of 

 the general absence of trees, and the several types are named, 

 as is customary, after the most striking tree which is character- 

 istic of the region. This classification is admittedly rough and 

 several species such as the ohia and naio which occur from sea 

 level up to 7000 feet will be found in one or more types and in 

 places the key tree may sometimes be lacking. But these types 

 will readily be recognized in the field and will serve the general 

 purpose of the forester. 



For convenience in forest management then, we have the fol- 

 lowing four main forest types : 



1. ALGAROBA TYPE, PvOSOpis juUflora. 



This corresponds more or less to the lowland type of the 

 botanist, and in it the introduced algaroba is now the pre- 

 dominant tree in most regions and particularly on the leeward 

 side of the islands. In it are also found the hau, hala, and 

 prickly pear and, near the shore, the kamani, niilo and coeonut. 

 This type is usually found from sea level up to 1000 feet. 



2. KUKui TYPE, Alcurites nioluccana. 



This corresponds in situation to the lower forest type of the 

 botanist, and in it the kukui strikes the eye as being the pre- 

 dominant tree in most situations, more especially in valleys and 

 lower slopes. 



On the windward side of the island the trees in this type 

 constitute a wetter forest than on the leeward side and often 

 koa occurs in it and ohia ai, and shrubs such as ki, ape and 

 ginger and the ieie vine. 



On the leeward side where more xerophytic conditions occur, 

 the kukui is confined more closely to the moisture gulches and 

 we find in addition a great wealth of dryland trees among which 

 the ohe, wiliwili, halapepe, and olof)ua are leading species. In 

 fact, it is in this type on the leeward side of the island that, 

 according to Eock, 60% of all the species of our indigenous 

 trees are found. It is interesting to note that with the excep- 

 tion of four or five trees, such as the wiliwili, which have 

 light, soft wood, and thin bark, all of the trees in this type in 

 the drier situations, have hard, close-grained wood and thick 

 bark. This type is found between the elevations of about 1000 

 feet to 2000 'feet. 



3. OHIA LEHUA TYPE, Metvosidcvos coUina polyuwrpha. 



This corresponds to the middle forest zone of the botanist 

 and constituting our ''.rain" or water-producing forest is conse- 

 quently the most important type, Ohia lehua attracts the eye 

 as the most predominant tree although almost pure stands- of 

 koa and a variety of other trees may be found in it. This type 

 is found usually between the elevations of 2000 to 5000 feet. 



