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the mucous membrane on both sides of the septum (the partition 

 between the nasal chambers), but principally on the right side, 

 being covered with well defined ulcers with swollen roundpd 

 edges, and the centers in two places almost penetrating the cartila- 

 ginous part of the septum, which at the lower end was thickened 

 and spongy. On the right side the ulcerations extended to the 

 upper nasal chamber and the turbinated bone, the latter being 

 covered with irregular confluent granulating sores. The swell- 

 ing in the submaxillary space and the nodules on the neck con- 

 tained centers of thick white pus. 



The stable from which these two cases had been removed con- 

 tained some 120 animals, principally mules and the rest saddle 

 horses. Since November, 1917, a total of nine cases have occur- 

 red in this stable, our deputies from both Kohala and Hilo hav- 

 ing diagnosed them as glanders or farcy. The stable is located 

 on an isolated section and is reached by a fifteen minutes ride 

 on the plantation railroad. After each case the infected stalls 

 had been thoroughly disinfected by the local Board of Health 

 agent, and all wood work had been repeatedly treated with creo- 

 sote or tar. Individual drinking troughs (soy tubs) had been 

 provided in the mangers, and both animals and stalls were plainly 

 numbered to prevent the promiscuous use of troughs and stalls. 



About a dozen animals were segregated at one end of the stable 

 as either exposed or suspicious, but the weather was so rainy 

 and cold that a majority of the mules had more or less discharge 

 from the nose. All of the 120 animals were submitted to the 

 intradermal mallein test, but, as might have been expected, with- 

 out a single reaction. The entire stable was again disinfected 

 and it was strongly recommended that some kind of flooring 

 be provided for the stalls ; as it were, the animals were standing 

 either on rough rocks or in mud holes, and as the mill was not 

 running and the weather was wet, there were neither bagasse nor 

 cane strippings available for bedding. These uncomfortable con- 

 ditions in connection with a pronounced scarcity of feed — no 

 barley, no cane tops, only alfalfa meal, molasses and rank grass 

 (Natal red top) — would naturally tend to reduce the vitality and 

 power of resistance of the animals to any form of infection 

 which might be present, but which under normal or more favor- 

 able conditions the animals would be able to throw ofif. That 

 such an infection is present cannot be doubted, and that it is 

 one which is far more persistent than that of glanders is undis- 

 puted. In its favor remains the fact that it is not transmissible 

 to man, that it cannot be transmitted by ingestion of either in- 

 fected water or feed but must be introduced directly into an 

 open wound or to the susceptible (catarrhal, inflamed or wound- 

 ed) mucous membrane of the nose or eye. Where the disease is 

 known to occur and where a sharp lookout is kept for swollen 

 cords and nodules, as well as for the characteristic sticky dis- 

 charge from the nose, it is not so difficult to recognize and guard 



