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tion do the most damage. As in the other outbreaks, all animals 

 in the infected pastures were immediately serum vaccinated, 

 after which few losses occurred. As all of these outbreaks ap- 

 peared in pastures contiguous to a highway, it is presumed that 

 the fiend who scattered the disease was traveling in a carriage Or 

 automobile, and simply throwing the infected material into the 

 paddocks as he passed them. It is needless to say that by this 

 time the cattle raisers and live-stock owners all over the Islands 

 were thoroughly alarmed and unprecedented measures were 

 adopted to protect the large cattle ranches on Hawaii and else- 

 where. 



The Territorial Legislature was fortunately in session when 

 the first outbreak of anthrax occurred, and an appropriation of 

 $25,000 was made immediately available, with which to fight the 

 disease. Had it not been for this expeditious measure it is 

 doubtful whether the disease could have been suppressed so 

 quickly and completely as was the case. 



The serum vaccine used for this purpose is of quite recent 

 origin and would not have been available had the outbreaks hap- 

 pened the year before. Our experience with it has demonstrated 

 it as a valuable preventive and an effective cure in most cases 

 that come under treatment soon enough. It is still rather ex- 

 pensive, costing 30 cents per dose, but it is expected that im- 

 proved methods of manufacture will greatly reduce this price. 

 A total of 13,000 doses was used, and the results fully justify 

 the expenditure. The greatest item of cost in fighting an an- 

 thrax epidemic is the disposal of the carcasses by cremation, and 

 unless this is done, and done thoroughly, there is little likelihood 

 of ever getting rid of the disease, as the anthrax infection can 

 live for years in the ground. 



BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION. 



For the purpose of eradicating tuberculosis from the dairy 

 herds of the Territory, the 1917 Legislature appropriated the 

 sum of $20,000 wherewith to reimburse the owners of tubercu- 

 lous cattle when these are condemned as dangerous to the public 

 health. Of this sum, about one-half has been expended on the 

 Island of Oahu alone, where a few badly infected herds were still 

 found. On the other islands many districts are completely free 

 from the disease and it is fully expected that the sum appropri- 

 ated will prove sufticient for the purpose. 



The efforts of the Federal Government to suppress this insid- 

 ious disease by the creation of a Bovine Tuberculosis Control 

 Division, under the Department of Agriculture in Washington, 

 is sufficient guaranty of the soundness of the policy pursued by 

 this Division for the past seven years. 



