423 



coast, brought him twice to Hawaii. In his narrative of the visit 

 to Kealakekua he writes : "The cattle left here by Vancouver 

 had bred and were in excellent order ; it is probable that they will 

 stock the island, as a taboo is placed upon them for ten years. 

 The goats multiply prodigiously; I added a male and female to 

 their number, leaving them under the care of Young, with a 

 breed of geese and ducks ; the first lieutenant also spared them 

 his pigeons. Some grapevines from Port Jackson and vegetable 

 seeds were planted and sown during our stay. Pumpkins and 

 melons were in no great plenty, though we had excellent cab- 

 bages weighing near two pounds." 



Native Agriculture at Laliaina. 



At Lahaina Broughton writes : "Our excursions on shore were 

 frequent and the natives civil. The cultivation was excellent ; and 

 the extent of ground made use of for that purpose reminded us 

 of the scenery of our native country. There were the various 

 productions of taro, sweet potatoes, melons, sugar-cane, gourds, 

 and pumpkins, amidst groves of the breadfruit trees and cocoa- 

 nuts, which universally afforded us shady walking." 



Departure and Return. Second Visit. July 6-13, 1796. 



The "Providence" departed from Niihau for Nootka Sound 

 February 22nd; the following July, returning from Monterey 

 Bay, she touched at Kealakekua for water and provisions. "The 

 garden seeds had failed through inattention ; some roots of horse- 

 radish were in high vegetation, and the cabbages were reported 

 to us as flourishing considerably in the interior." Broughton 

 sailed northwestward, touching Oahu, Kauai and Niihau, and 

 left Niihau on July 31st. 



The botanist of Broughton s voyage was Alexander Bishop, 

 but Broughton's narrative contains no specific statement of bo- 

 tanical investigations in Hawaii. 



11. First Distilleries. 

 About 1800. 



"The art of distilling was introduced by some Botany Bay con- 

 victs before the year 1800. It is said to have been first practised 

 here by a William Stevenson, from New South Wales. The root 

 of the Ki plant (Cordyline terminalis) was first baked for days 

 in the ground, after which it became very sweet. It was then 

 macerated in a canoe with water to ferment, and in five or six 

 days was ready for distillation. The rude still was made of iron 

 pots, procured from ships, with a gun-barrel used as a tube to 

 conduct the vapor. The liquor obtained in this way, okolehao, 

 was nearly pure alcohol. At one time almost every chief had his 

 still." — Alexander. 



