52 



hundred species collected, in Thrum's Hawaiian Annual for 

 1901. In her great work on the ''My.i'ophyceae of North Amer- 

 ica," etc., she incorporates all of her own and other Hawaiian 

 records. 



The Twentieth Century. 



With annexation in 1898 as an integral part of the United 

 States, and with the acquirement in this way of full Territorial 

 status, the Hawaiian Islands entered upon a new era of indus- 

 trial and scientific development. Since that time various scien- 

 tific and botanical explorations have been carried on under the 

 auspices of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, the Territorial 

 Board of Agriculture and Forestry, the College of Hawaii, the 

 Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, the Experiment Station 

 of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, and other institu- 

 tions. Much of this work has been of substantial value, both to 

 science and to the various industries of the islands. 



The present paper, however, can very appropriately close at 

 this point. The pioneer period in the history of science in Ha- 

 waii can be said to have definitely closed with the end of the 

 nineteenth century. 



The main botanical work of the nineteenth century has been 

 that of taxonomy — collecting, classifying, naming, herbalizing. 

 The chief work of the twentieth century will be ecology — the in- 

 tensive study of the living plant in its own normal environment. 

 Just as the Hawaiian Islands have afiforded much unique mate- 

 rial to the taxonomist, so will they yield, in their rich and diver- 

 sified ecologic background — much significant data upon the 

 fundamental problems of plant ecology. Taxonomy in Hawaii 

 has already reached its zenith ; ecology is yet in its infancy. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Alexander, W. D. — A brief History of the Hawaiian People. 



American Book Company, New York, 1891. 

 Anrep-Elmpt, Graf R. — Die Sandwich Inseln. Liepzig, 1885. 

 Baldwin, Chas. W. — Geography of the Hawaiian Islands. 



American Book Company, New York, 1908. 

 Baldwin, D. D. — List of Hawaiian Mosses and Hepaticae. 



Thrum's Hawaiian Annual, 1877, 1878. 

 Bastian, Adolf. — Zur Kenntniss Hawaii's. Berlin, 1883. 

 Bestinger, Jos. — Ein Jahr auf dem Sandwich-Inseln. Wein, 



1869. 

 Bingham, Hiram — A residence of twenty-one years in the Sand- 

 wich Islands. New York, 1847. 

 Bois-Raymond. E. Du — Adelbert von Chamisso als Naturfor- 



scher. 1889. 

 Brigham, William T^ — The Hawaiian Flora. Boston Soc. Nat. 



Hist. Proc. Vol. 12, pp. 158-161. 1868. 



