466 



On the other islands, where our deputies have to make a Hving 

 as practicing veterinarians, and at the same time attend to their 

 official duties much less testing has been done. Regular dairy 

 herds are maintained in very few places, the greater part of the 

 milk production in both rural and urban districts and communi- 

 ties coming from the so-called family cows. In towns like Hilo, 

 Wailuku, Lahaina, Lihue and W^aimea, there is of course more or 

 less actual dairy business, while practically every plantation main- 

 tains either a dairy herd or else a bunch of cattle from which 

 fresh cows are brought in for gentling as well as for milking 

 purposes. When, therefore, one practicing veterinarian has to 

 inject and examine all of the dairy animals on an island like 

 Maui or Kauai, or on half of an island like Hawaii, the examina- 

 tion to be made on the third day after injection, the reactors then 

 to be branded, an appraiser appointed and brought to the prem- 

 ises where are the reactors, a butcher to be found who possibly 

 (in rural districts, probably) will kill only one animal per week, 

 the veterinarian to be present at all these functions, the scene of 

 which may be laid from fifty to one hundred miles from where 

 he lives, not counting the islands of Molokai or Niihau, then it 

 will be seen that there are difficulties in administering Act 121, 

 outside of this island, which are not easily overcome. The plan- 

 tation herds and regular dairies can be attended to without much 

 difficulty so long as there is a desire to cooperate and get the 

 work done. It is the numerous family cows, one, two or three to 

 the stable (shed, back yard or pen), which are out all day find- 

 ing their feed along highways, ditches or any unfenced land, 

 and which come home with a little milk in the evening, receive 

 some feed and are turned out again as soon as they are milked in 

 the morning. Then there are always some calves, yearlings and 

 other young stock which are rarely seen by the owner from the 

 time they are branded until the heifers calve. To get word to 

 these owners — all of them in any one district — on a given day 

 to not alone keep up the cows until the doctor arrives, but to 

 round up, bring home and hold all the young stock, dry cows 

 and bulls, to make them understand that unless all are tested 

 the disease may remain and again spread from a single untested 

 animal — that the doctor cannot come back the next day to inject 

 those not kept up, as he will then be testing another district — 

 that it will cost as much in miles traveled and time wasted to 

 come back to do one cow as to do all the cows in that neighbor- 

 hood — to convev all of this to many small milk producers of 

 various nationalities, some of them day laborers, all of them with 

 their day's work laid out before them — requires patience and tact, 

 and sometimes firmness. But it can be done. From the August 

 and September reports of the Deputy Territorial Veterinarian 

 at Hilo the following is quoted : 



"Two weeks testing has only yielded about 112 tests. 

 Also the 8 Hilo dairies. Sometimes a convenient loss of 

 memory — "did not know the doctor was coming today" 



