185 



considerable niiniher of cases had been followed by large swellings at the 

 place of injection; that is, on the side of the neck. In all, more than thirty- 

 cases occurred, of which four resulted in death, all being among the ranch 

 saddle horses on the Princeville Plantation. Though more than 1700 head 

 of cattle were treated at the same time, no similar eases occurred among 

 them. The inference was made that- either the vaccine was too strong or 

 else that the hypodermic needles had not been disinfected. A number of 

 more or less mysterious circumstances made it desirable that an investigation 

 be made, and on June 16 I left for Hanalei. Upon arrival, I found five 

 horses affected, three being new cases just brought in from the saddle-horse 

 paddock. All were, as previously described, affected on the right side of 

 the neck, which is the side on which, as a rule^ the anthrax vaccine is in- 

 jected, while the serum is applied to the left side. Incidentally, it may be 

 mentioned that Dr. Golding invariably handles the vaccine while either the 

 manager or the foreman injects the serum, the two injections being made 

 simultaneously as the animals pass through a chute. 



The swellings were, as stated, all on the right side of the neck, the side 

 where Dr. Golding was supposed to have made the injections, and resembled 

 in every respect the typical lesions resulting from the intradermal injection 

 of mallein into a horse affected with glanders. 



In all cases reported by Dr. Golding and observed by us, the swelling 

 would appear suddenly and develop very quickly; that is, in the course of 

 a few hours. Horses which had been ridden the day before would be found 

 in the morning with a swelling eight to ten inches in diameter and two to 

 three inches thick, or else, with a small swelling which, in the course of the 

 forenoon, would reach the above dimensions. They would then either recede 

 or else continue to swell until they reached upward toward the jaw and down- 

 ward along the neck, chest and abdomen, resulting in death usually within 

 24 hours. 



The nature of these swellings was oedematous (doughy), hot, and very 

 sensitive to the touch, and they were as a rule accompanied by a rise in 

 temperature, loss of appetite and general malaise. 



Recovery was in all eases slow, the resorption requiring a week or tAvo, 

 even though the temperature might become normal shortly after the swelling 

 had ceased to enlarge. 



The microscopic examination of fluid drawn from these swellings or ob- 

 tained on post-mortem failed to reveal the anthrax bacillus, even though 

 many dozen slides were examined. Only the hemorrhagic septicemia organ- 

 ism was present, and the internal lesions as observed on post-mortem corre- 

 sponded in every respect to those which characterize this disease. 



The most interesting fact in connection with these fast-appearing swell- 

 ings is, however, that they did not occur until two or five weeks after vacci- 

 nation. This precludes any possible relation between the two, but does not 

 explain why all the swellings should occur on the right side of the neck and 

 only among the saddle horses that were kept in the stable paddock and easy 

 of access ; nor why no cattle became affected, not even weanling calves, which 

 would naturally be more susceptible than mature animals. 



I expressed to the manager my conviction that the swellings were pro- 

 duced Avith a hypodermic syringe, and put it up to him to see to it that 

 nobody tampered with his stock. Since that time no more cases have 

 occurred. 



BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS OX KAUAI. 



While on Kauai I demonstrated for Dr. Golding the intrapalpebral tuber- 

 culin test and familiarized him with the enforcement of the new compensa- 

 tion act. For this purpost two herds of pure-bred Ayrshire cattle were 

 tested, among which only one reactor was found. This cow was slaughtered 

 and found but slightly affected with tuberculosis. There is consequently 

 little danger of the further spread of the disease among these very valuable 

 animals. • : . ^ .: ■ .''.'• 



