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boards and sleds; and for their religious rites in the form of 

 soft and hard woods out of which they carved their idols. But 

 with the advent of the white man, who brought with him iron 

 and steel sawn lumber and manufactured articles, these demands 

 on the native forests ceased or became so negligible that the for- 

 ests on our mountain slopes may no longer be looked upon as 

 supply forests, so far as the production of wood is concerned. 

 The extensive woodlands of the introduced algaroba tree found 

 usually on the lee side of these islands at the lower elevations 

 may, however, be considered as true supply forests, for their 

 growth is encouraged mainly for the wood which they produce 

 and the pods and bee pasturage they afford. The plantations of 

 the introduced eucalyptus and ironwood trees set out on the 

 foothills for the avowed purpose of fuel production come also in 

 this class of forest. 



The Protection Forest. 



This is a forest whose chief value is to regulate streamflow, 

 prevent erosion, hold shifting sand, or exert any other indirect 

 beneficial effect. Besides the primary object of forest growth, 

 that of furnishing wood or parts of the wood substance, it is 

 recognized that forest growth serves an object in the economy of 

 nature and of man which under certain conditions may become 

 equally if not more important than this direct primary one. This 

 is certainly the case in Hawaii and it is the protection forest that 

 will be my main theme. 



The Luxury Forest. 



\Mien pleasure and game are the main objects sought in the 

 establishment or administration of a forest, such a one is called a 

 luxury forest. \\'e are not concerned with this class of forest 

 here except oh a very small scale in the form of picnic grounds 

 and parks which are used exclusively for recreational purposes. 



Value of Protection Forest. 



The value of the native Hawaiian forest as a protection forest 

 lies chiefly along two general lines, the regulation of streamflow 

 and the prevention of erosion. These are two positive and bene- 

 ficial influences which a protection forest- exerts and which have 

 been recognized, although not heeded, since the time of the 

 oldest civilized men when, as is evidenced by many sayings of 

 Roman and Greek writers, the fact was appreciated that forest 

 cover had some influence upon its surroundings, upon climate, 

 health and the water conditions of a country, and far-sighted 

 priests prevented the destruction of forests by consecrating them 

 as sacred groves. 



