303 



inoculation into various kinds of animals and especially into cattle 

 proves more definitely which is which ; (4) that the bovine bacillus 

 is far more virulent or fatal to all mammals than the human form 

 of the bacillus, except to the monkey, which is equally susceptible 

 to both types ; (5) that cattle cannot be infected, except locally, by 

 inoculation with even very large doses of the human type; (6) 

 that the bovine type, after sojourn for years in a human being:, 

 adapts itself to the appearance of the human type; (7) that in 

 children who die from g-eneralized tuberculosis, between the ages 

 of to 5 years, not less than 26.5 per cent show the presence of 

 tubercle bacilli of the bovine type; (8) that between the ages of 

 5 to 16 years the same percentage is 25; (9) that above this age 

 the percentage falls rapidly, as low as to 1.5 per cent, but whether 

 this is due to transformation from the bovine to the human type, 

 or due to direct infection from human being to human being 

 through cohabitation cannot often be determined; (10) that it is 

 an undeniable fact that below 16 years nearly 75 per cent of all 

 children dying from tuberculosis show the presence only of the 

 human type and above that age the percentage of fatal cases due 

 to the human bacillus is 98.36. From which it is clear that for 

 the suppression of human tuberculosis we must first prevent its 

 transmission from one human being to another, but at the same 

 time prevent the infection of children with the highly virulent 

 bovine bacillus from the milk of tuberculous cattle. 



Prof. .Sims Woodhead of the Royal Tuberculosis Commission 

 of England showed conclusivelv that about 20 per cent of tuber- 

 culosis in children was due to infection with the bovine bacillus ; 

 and Dr. Nathan Raw of Liverpool after confirming most of the 

 above statements estimated that in Great Britain 15 per cent of all 

 children who die from tuberculosis under the age of 12 years 

 become infected wdth the bovine bacillus from milk. He proved 

 by statistics that in countries where milk is boiled the amount of 

 surgical tuberculosis in children (scrofulosis) is smaller, and he 

 stated that wnth the vigorous inspection of dairy cattle the amount 

 of surgical tuberculosis in children in Liverpool during the last ten 

 vears has, in his own hospital experience, been reduced by about 

 35 per cent. When we consider that this "vigorous inspection of 

 dairy cattle in Liverpool" consists in the weeding out of "lungers," 

 by physical examination, not by the tuberculine test, there is 

 reason to believe that the percentage could be largely increased if 

 our method were adopted. 



However, the Italian Tuberculosis Congress clearlv demon- 

 strated, that the danger of bovine infection is now being widely 

 recognized, the only difference of opinion now being as to the 

 amount of such infection, and there can be little doubt that many 

 countries will shortly adopt vigorous measures for its suppression. 



In this connection T would mention the Congress of the Roval 

 Sanitarv Institute of Great Britain held at York, England, during 

 the beginning of August this year. At this meeting Prof. Dewar 



