so 



CLEAN CULTURE IN AUSTRALL\. 



Lender the heading of "Fruit Fly and Codlin Aloth," the Agri- 

 cultural Gazette of New South Wales makes the following re- 

 marks. They show the importance placed on clean culture in 

 beneath the Southern Cross, emphasized as it is by penal laws — 

 something that is needed in Hawaii : 



"It seems almost incredible that any fruit-grower who is alive 

 to his own interests would allow fly or moth-infested fruit to lie 

 on the ground until the grubs have left them, but such is the 

 case, and it is to these careless growers that we are usually in- 

 debted for the breeding and spreading of many of our pests. It 

 is also these growers who give so much extra trouble to our in- 

 spectors under the fruit pests act, in seeing that no neglect takes 

 place. It may be well for such careless growers to remember 

 that they are a menace to their neighbors, and that by neglect- 

 ing to pick up and destroy all fallen and infested fruit, they are 

 liable to a fine. Any fruit-grower would be quite justified in 

 notifying the department whenever he is sure that his neighbors 

 are trying to shirk their responsibilities in this matter." 



FRUIT FLIES. 



Several months ago fruit of Eiigoiia malaccciisis Linn., ob- 

 tained in the market, was found to be infested by dipterous larvae, 

 which at first were thought to be of the Mediterranean fruit fly 

 (Ccratitis capitata Wied.), but upon determination they were 

 found to be of the mango fruit fly (Docus fcrnigiiicus r-abr.). 

 These flies are quite common through Java. India, Ceylon and 

 Amboina, as well as the Philippines, and cause considerable 

 damage to fruit. They do not confine themselves to any one 

 class of fruit, but are particularly injurious to the mango and 

 citrus fruits. Over fifty species of the genus Daciis have so far 

 been described from ^Malaysia. 



A late shipment of Citrus hystrix DC. from Bohol contained 

 numerous dipterous larvae which have not as yet emerged, but 

 which are in all probability of the above species. — C. R. Jones, 

 Entomologist, in Pliilippinc Agricultural Rcvicii'. 



SrXFLOWF.k PO'lASII. 



The south of Russia is noted as the great sunflower district 

 of the world, but only recently have the stalks, usually considered 

 a useless by-])roduct. been made to produce potash. The ashes 

 of the.se stalks are rich in potassium .salts and some 7000 tons of 

 this potash fertilizer are annually exported from the north Cau- 

 casus district. When we realize what an almost infinitesimal 

 part of the weight of the plant is its ashes, wc are forced to 

 regard the sunflower crop of that district as something more than 

 remarkable. — Philippine Agricultural Rcficw. 



