end of the bouse (that is, the end furthest from the source of heat, wliich can bo kept a few 

 degrees colder by admitting more air at tliat point), will be filled with the main plants of 

 camellias and azaleas, with acacias, heaths, epacrises, &c. New Holland plants — borouias, 

 jwlygalas, eutaxias, daphnes, and others — will occupy an intermediate position. Stock plants 

 of verbenas, heliotropes, &c., can be stowed on the front or side shelves. The less growth 

 these make at this time the easier they are kept ; keep thom on sliort allowance of water. 

 Keep the house aired a little at night, unless during storms or indication of frost ; water 

 early in the morning, and have the house dry towards evening. Dispense with all kind of 

 shading ; the object now is, to harden and ripen the plants, that they may stand the elTects 

 of winter. 



Flower Garden. — Bulbs of tulips, hyacinths, narcissus, &c., should be planted now ; 

 choose rich grounds, and cover at least two inches. A handful of dry sand below each bulb 

 will facilitate their rooting, and a slight covering of manure by and by, will protect them 

 during winter. 



Hollyhocks. — If not already attended to, the seedlings may now be transplanted into 

 borders for flowering next summer. A deep, rich soil will give strong plants and profusion 

 of flowers. Few plants produce so striking an effect in masses as the hollyhock. The im- 

 proved varieties are as largo and double as daldias, and the colors much superior, both in 

 depth and variety. 



Violets, for winter flowers, may be transplanted into frames ; the frames should be set in 

 an elevated dry site, and the soil well broken up and pulverized. Lift the i^lants carefully, 

 and press the soil firmly around them ; finish, by giving a thorough watering and shade 

 from sun for a few days ; they will start to grow at once, if the frame is kept rather close 

 for a week ; afterwards, admit air gradually, and ultimately remove the glass altogetlier 

 until frost. 



Mignonette, in pots, should be thinned to four or five plants to a pot. Be careful in the 

 application of water as the days shorten; they are liable to decay if too freely watered 

 during cold, dull weather. 



Alterations, such as making flower-beds, repairing, or laying down box edgings, gravelling 

 walks, &c., can be done much more advantageously now than in the spring ; the soil is in 

 good working condition, and it is generally a season of more leisure. 



Pleasike Ground and Shrubbery. — Planting deciduous trees should be proceeded with by 

 the middle of the mouth, or as soon as possible after the fall of the leaves. Evergreens 

 should be left until April. It is too late for them to make sufficient roots to supply their 

 large evaporating surfaces, unless they are removed with plenty of roots. 



Tlie arranging of ornamental trees should be well studied before commencing to plant. A 

 few studies for reflection may be enumerated. 



1. Plant evergreens with a view of forming a distinct winter scenery when deciduous 

 trees are leafless ; principally effected by keeping them somewhat distinct, and arranging 

 the various shades of green which such trees present. 



2. With reference to tlie development of individual or combined beauty. The former, 

 by placing single specimens in prominent situations ; and the latter, twofold ; by variety 

 of foliage alone, and, secondly, by variety of outline, or general liabit of growth. 



3. The gradual blending of evergreen and deciduous trees into a whole, so as to avoid 

 violent contrasts, by using trees liaving both properties combined, as the European and 

 American larches, and deciduous cypress. 



4. Giving depth to limited vievrs by marginal undulations, and increasing the effect by 

 placing heavy dark-colored foliage in the recesses, as the horsechestnut, Norway and syca- 

 more maples ; and light colored or small foliaged trees in front, as the birches, eleagnus, &c. 



5. An arrangement with reference to spring and early summer flowering trees, as the 

 scarlet maple, wild cherry, Judas-tree, catalpa, i^aulownia, halesia, laburnum, locust, horse- 

 chestnuts, chionanthus, Crataegus, koelreuteria, magnolias, &c. 



G. Contrasting tlie various shades and tints of foliage before the fall of the leaves in 

 autumn. Scarlet and sugar-maples, sweet and sour gums, tulip-tree, sassafras, bitter-nut, 

 and other hickories, scarlet oak, and dogwood, are some of the most prominent in this resjject. 



7. Imitation of natural scenery by planting at irregular distances, especially the efi'ect of 

 two or more planted three or four feet apart ; the efi'ect of two or three stems apparently 

 from one root is also worthy of notice. 



Lastly, and of much importance, filling up the outskirts with thick shrubbery, the better to 

 define the plantations, and form a decided distinction between them and open spaces of lawn. 



These are only a few of the many features that tree planters ought to have in view, a 

 knowledge of which is indispensably essential to the development of landscape gardening. 



