THE TRUE THEORY OF GRAFTS. 



we come to pears and cherries, we must give a different account. The pears of 

 American origin, such as the Oswego Beurre, Swan's Orange, Buffum, Seckel, 

 Stevens' Genesee, &c., we have found the best and most hardy. All the Bonchre- 

 tiens and Bergamots are as hardy as apples, and have long been the only sorts 

 that could be depended on here. The Scotch and English sorts are also gene- 

 rally hardy. We frequently have winter-killing of the cherry here, especially such 

 sorts as Bowyer's Early Heart, Early White Heart, Downer's Late Red, and 

 Waterloo. 



Our plum-trees are scarcely ever hurt in the wood, though the fruit buds above 

 the snow-line are sometimes killed outright. This year, we had an abundant crop 

 of plums. The two new British sorts — Denyer's Victoria and Prince of Wales — 

 are amongst the very best. Corses' Seedlings (of Montreal) are well worthy of 

 cultivation, especially his Nota Bene, a most delicious plum, and very hardy. 



The most valuable of the new currants are certainly the Cherry and May's Vic- 

 toria. The green fruited Black has borne with us, and proves of very fine flavor. 

 We have also fruited the Pearl White, small, but very handsome and good, and 

 of a pearly white color. The striped fruited bore this year and last; not unlike 

 the Champagne, and pretty good. Sperry's White is one of the siveetest of all. 

 The Banquet and Black Grrape are two of the best blacks. Of raspberries, the 

 old Fastolff still takes the lead, as a market fruit, so far as we have tested, ex- 

 cepting, perhaps, Knevitt's Giant, which we think sometimes a larger. The 

 Flesh-colored we have fruited, and consider it the most delicious of all. It is 

 a raspberry one can eat. We have not much of it, but we intend to plant it out 

 for our own use when we can do so. The Imperial is very early, large, and fine. 

 Barnet's Cane, small but very prolific — the Franconia, perhaps, the hardiest of all. 



This year we fruited the new Nirarod Strawberry, the very largest of all, and 

 very fine. Mr. Prince discards it — why, we know not. Mr. Brown (the writer) 

 spent two years, lately, at home (Scotland). They know nothing of fruits there 

 as we do in America. He could not get an eatable apple till he fell in with some 

 Newtown Pippins. Respectfully, Cockburn & Brown. 



THE TRUE THEORY OF GRAFTS. 



It has long been known, says D'Albert, that, in order to preserve grafts, espe- 

 cially for transportation, they ought to be separated from the parent tree before 

 they have begun to grow. They ought then to be placed in a northern exposure, 

 in a horizontal position, on the ground, and covered with earth to about the depth 

 of two inches and a half. • They should remain in that ])osition till their buds are 

 well swelled, by which time the stock intended for their reception will be much 

 more advanced, a necessary condition to success. Under all circumstances, they 

 must be so packed as to run no risk of heating. French gardeners often place 

 them in the hollow of an old cucumber, and even pack them in honey, without 

 injury, if they have a long distance to travel ; if they are to be conveyed to a 

 distance, it is best to send them olf as soon as they are taken from the tree. If 

 the journey require only three weeks or a month, it is suflicient to tie them up in 

 l)ackets, putting some dry moss between them, in order to prevent their being 

 bruised, and to insert their bases in a ball of moist clay, covered with fresh 

 moss, the whole tightly enveloped in a thin coating of straw. But if the cuttings 

 have to be sent a great distance, so as to be months on the way, they should be 



closed in a box, in small parcels, all laid with their tops in the same direction, 

 thick ends covered with clay and fresh moss, the whole compactly fastened 



